272 



BREEDING CROP PLANTS 



these varieties gave seedlings which produced fruit with a red 

 skin. Other crosses led to the belief that yellow is recessive 

 and that a cross between red and yellow is intermediate in skin 

 color. Sweetness was believed to be a recessive character to 

 acidity with the indication that the F\ was intermediate. 



Raspberry. Bailey (1898) believed that the purple rasp- 

 berry, Rubus neglectus, was a natural hybrid between the black 

 and red varieties. This was definitely proved at the Geneva 

 Station by a cross between Smith No. 1, a black raspberry, 

 and Lonboro, a red seedling, which gave 209 purple raspberries 

 (Wellington, 1913, Anthony and Hedrick, 1916). The same Smith 

 No. 1 crossed with June, a red raspberry, gave 50 purples and 

 46 blacks. Selfed seedlings of Columbian, a purple variety, gave 

 31 purple, 7 red wine, 2 reddish, 1 yellow, and 1 black. The mode 

 of inheritance of colors can not be determined, although it 

 seems that several of the black varieties are heterozygous for 

 color and that several factors for color are present. The presence 

 of bloom on the canes proved to be a partially dominant charac- 

 ter over the absence of bloom. The number of spines on 

 canes showed segregation in selfed seedlings of Columbian. 

 Yellow raspberries could be told in the seedling stage from the 

 black and purple by the absence of red tinge on the leaves. The 

 production of promising varieties from crosses between the red 

 and black varieties was especially mentioned. 



Grape. The Geneva Experiment Station, in New York, 

 (Hedrick and Anthony 1915) likewise furnished the greater part 

 of our data on inheritance of characters in the grape. Table 

 LXXIII gives the results of crosses for skin color. 



TABLE LXXIII. INHERITANCE OF SKIN COLOR IN GRAPES 



