BROILERS AND ROASTERS. 47 



each. Of each set two are flow and two return pipes, 

 there being thus a constant circulation of water through 

 them, and if the heater is of sufficient capacity an almost 

 uniform temperature throughout the pipes. The pipes are 

 not placed one above the other as is usual when plain pipes 

 are used and attached to the walls in shops and factories, 

 but are on the same level and 8 inches from the floors of 



View of Part of Exterior of Brooder House, 



At Lone Oak Poultry Farm. 



the pens. As indicated in the cut, a section of the bottom 

 board in each partition is cut out to receive them, and 

 after they are in position is carefully replaced. 



In many houses the distance of the pipes from the floor 

 varies, say from 4 or 5 inches in the pens near the heater 

 to 8 or 10 inches at the end of the house. The object of 

 this is to have the height of the pipes from the floor vary 

 to suit chicks of different ages and sizes. In other houses 

 as in this the same object is gained in another way. The 

 pipes are on a level, while the floor being of earth or sand, 



