48 BROILERS AND ROASTERS. 



or as in the case of cement covered with several inches of 

 sand, can be raised or lowered to give any required dis- 

 tance between the pipes and the floor within the limits 

 fixed in the construction of the house. This of course 

 does not necessitate the addition or removal of sand from 

 the pen whenever a change in the level of the floor under 

 the pipes is desired. All that is required is to heap the 

 sand under the pipes for small chicks, and rake it away as 

 the chicks grow larger. A distinct advantage claimed for 

 this way of arranging for small chicks is that with several 

 inches of sand under the pipes, w r hen that sand is heated 

 through it retains the heat, and so the chicks are furnished 

 both top and bottom heat. 



27. Individual Brooders in Long Houses. A 



house such as has just been described for pipe brooders is 

 often used with individual indoor brooders. Many dif- 

 ferent arrangements of individual inside brooders are 

 made. The entire floor may be on one level, the brooders 

 placed three or four feet from the rear wall, just enough to 

 leave a passage behind them, and far -enough apart to give 

 the required width to the pens in front of them, the dis- 

 tance, of course, varying according to the size of the 

 brooder. Sometimes the arrangement is practically as 

 just described, except that the passage back of the brooders 

 is excavated as in the pipe brooder house described in the 

 preceding section, and again the floor is excavated to the 

 line between the brooders and the pens, that the brooders 

 may be set enough lower than the pens to bring the floor 

 of the hover on a level with the pen floors, and so avoid 

 the use of an inclined runway to be traversed by the chicks 

 in going back and forth between the hover and the pen. 



