CONSTRUCTION OF CRKAMSRIES 45 



no steam driven pumps are in operation, and there is therefore 

 no exhaust steam available, a low pressure steam line may be 

 run direct from the boiler to the radiators. It is not advisable 

 to place steam pipes or any other pipe lines in the concrete 

 floor for obvious reasons. 



Insulation of Ammonia, Brine Steam and Water Lines. 



The matter of insulation of ammonia, brine, steam and water 

 pipes is an important item as related to the economy of fuel. For 

 proper and economical insulation the following types of pipe 

 covering are recommended : 



Ammonia and Brine Lines. 

 1st layer of tarred felt. 

 2nd layer of 1" thick hair felt. 

 3rd layer of tarred felt. 

 4th layer of 1" thick hair felt. 

 5th layer of tarred felt. 

 6th layer of wove-felt paper. 

 7th layer of 8-oz. canvas jacket, sewed on. 

 8th layer of sizing and one coat of lead and oil paint. 

 Each layer of hair felt must be securely wound with twine. 

 Each layer of all material should be coated with hot asphalt, ap- 

 plied while hot, excepting layers, 6, 7 and 8. 



Special seals must be made at all flanges and fittings, and 

 such flanges and fittings must be insulated independently. This 

 arrangement will prevent damage to adjoining coverings, should 

 fittings spring leaks. 



Before applying pitch or asphalt, the necessary precautions 

 must be taken to have the pipes thoroughly dry and the asphalt 

 or pitch must be hot. 



Steam Lines. Air cell asbestos covering, or covering of 

 equal insulating and lasting quality, one inch thick on pipes, and 

 fittings to be built up of asbestos cement to a corresponding 

 thickness; smoothly finished and neatly canvassed, with metal 

 bands at 18" intervals. Before putting on the metal bands the 

 covering should receive two coats of asbestos cold water paint. 

 Cold Water Lines. Covering of wool felt, tar paper lined, 



