STARTERS 261 



Milk, and skim milk purchased in this manner, should be 

 tested with the lactometer. At 60 F. normal whole milk varies 

 between 29 and 35 lactometer degrees, and normal skim milk 

 varies between 36 and 38 lactometer degrees. If whole milk 

 drops below 29 and skim milk drops below 36 lactometer degrees 

 it may reasonably be suspected that they have been watered. If 

 whole milk rises above 35 lactometer degrees it has been skim- 

 med. If skim milk rises above 38 lactometer degrees it has been 

 adulterated with some foreign substance, other than water. 



Condensed Milk. If condensed milk is to be used, purchase 

 plain condensed bulk milk, skimmed. Ask for a concentration 

 of four to one. Dilute with three gallons of water for each 

 gallon of condensed milk. Pour the water into the starter vat 

 first, start the coils without heat and add the condensed milk. 

 Mix well, and pasteurize as usual. If the condensery is not in 

 position to furnish condensed milk with a concentration of 4:1, 

 secure what they can furnish, and ask them for the ratio of 

 concentration and dilute as follows for milk with different con- 

 centrations : 



Gallons 



Concentration Gallons Water Condensed Milk 

 4 :1 3 1 



3|:1 2f 1 



3i:l 2\ 1 



3J:1 2i 1 



3 :1 2 1 



Skim Milk Powder. Dissolve at the rate of one pound of 

 powder to nine pounds of water. 



Attach two small wooden slats, similar to lath, to the coil 

 on its periphery on opposite sides. The slats should be long 

 enough to reach from one end of the coil to the other. They will 

 help to beat up the lumps and to mix and dissolve the powder. 

 These slats are best fastened to the coil by means of "U" bolts. 

 There are some vats on the market, originally intended for use 

 in preparing the mix in ice cream factories, the coil of which 

 is equipped with metal slats, running lengthwise. These vats 

 are ideal for this purpose. Then pour the water, cold or luke 

 warm, into the vat, and add the skim milk powder. Avoid pour- 



