422 MARKETING OF BUTTER 



or for redistribution in nearby towns." The wholesale produce 

 trade is always localized in a certain district of the city. Thus 

 in Chicago, South Water Street represents the wholesale produce 

 district for that city. 



The wholesale dealers may be divided into two classes, to 

 each of which are attributed certain, more or less definitely 

 defined functions, namely the middlemen who receive goods direct 

 from the shipper and the middlemen who buy direct from the re- 

 ceivers and sell to the retail stores or other outlets. 



To the first class belong the wholesale receiver, the com- 

 mission man and the broker. The wholesale receiver buys the 

 butter outright and pays the shipper for it upon receipt. He 

 sells the butter to the retail store and also to the jobber. The 

 commission man does not buy the butter, he does not become 

 owner of it, but acts as an agent for the shipper, selling it for 

 him to retail stores, hotels, restaurants, and other outlets and 

 deducting from the gross receipts a commission for his ser- 

 vices, together with freight and cartage charges. The rate of 

 commission usually charged to the butter shipper is 5 per cent 

 of the gross receipts. The broker operates on a similar plan 

 as the commission man, but he usually handles goods in larger 

 quantities and charges a lower rate of commission. 



To the second class, the middleman who buys from the 

 wholesale receiver and not direct from the shipper, belongs the 

 jobber. He also sells to the retail trade. 



These middlemen have their organization of solicitors who 

 look after the retail trade and other outlets in their city as well 

 as in other cities. 



Most of the butter shipped to the wholesale trade is de- 

 sired in bulk packages, usually 60 pound tubs or 50 pound 

 boxes for Eastern markets and 68 pound cubes for the Pacific 

 coast markets. In exceptional cases the shippers put their butter 

 up in the finished package, the print. Most of the wholesale 

 receivers have a brand of their own, on which they have es- 

 tablished some fancy trade, and for which they print fancy 

 butter and sell it under their own carton. 



Methods of Sales. Butter shipped to the wholesale trade 

 is sold according to any one of the following four methods : 



