BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BUTTER 



569 



A calorie (large calorie) is the amount of heat required to 

 raise the temperature in 1,000 grams of water 1 C. The caloric 

 value of protein is 4100, and that of fat is 9300. 1,000 grams 

 are equal to 2.2 pounds, hence the caloric value of one pound of 



protein is = 1863, and the caloric value of one pound of fat 

 9300 



is 



2.2 



= 4227. 



The caloric value of one pound of butter containing 80, 82.5 and 

 85 per cent fat, respectively* therefore is as follows : 



Biological Properties of Butter 



Butter Contains Growth-Promoting and Curative Properties. 



The butterfat of butter contains certain biological properties, 

 which are not present in vegetable fats, nor in the ordinary ani- 

 mal fats. These properties are absolutely essential for an ade- 

 quate diet. A diet that is lacking in these biological properties 

 is inadequate to produce normal growth in the young, it pre- 

 vents well being of the adult and gives rise to certain deficiency 

 diseases. 



By biological properties is meant those properties, recently 

 discovered by McCollum 1 , and subjected to extensive investiga- 



* McCollum, The Newer Knowledge of Nutrition, 1918. 



