MAPPING AND LAYING OUT. 47 



cover on a sheet of convenient size. This suggestion, which is unques- 

 tionably abhorrent to one of training or talent in drawing, must be com- 

 mended to the retired merchants, mechanics, sea captains or active farmers 

 who are improving their homes in California, and all of whom are alike at 

 sea in tracing a course on a sheet of drawing paper. Let such a one then 

 boldly take the cross-ruled sheet and defy the smile of the fiend who has 

 ,the artistic temperament. 



Making The Map Fit The Land. The first operation is to establish 

 connection 'between the sheet and the land surface which is to be repre- 

 sented by it. Get a boy, whose mind has not yet unfolded to art criticism, 

 to help you and with a tape line, or the common tree planting wire, tagged 

 with 20- foot intervals, and mark out the area with short stakes just as 

 though you intended to plant trees at 20 feet distance on the square system. 

 Now you have the sheet of paper and the land surface mutually represen- 

 tative, and you can easily count the stakes or the line-crossings from any 

 point to make locations. 



Using -this method, locate on the sheet first the boundaries of the area 

 which you desire to include, and then locate the house and outbuildings in 

 their proper measured relations to each other and to the boundaries afore- 

 said. Permanent enclosures, such as corrals, paddoc'ks, etc., should be 

 located in proper size and relations, unless the area to be improved should 

 stop short of them. 



Next locate the places chosen for entrance from the highway, to the 

 field or orchard, etc., or to the barn or garage, and flag them with tall 

 stakes supporting a white flag. Mark these also on the plan. 



Laying Out With Wheels. Next go to the point of main entrance 

 to the place, with a long-reach wagon or an automobile, as you choose, and 

 consider the entrance to the house which is of most dignity. Having de- 

 termined this, drive slowly to it, having such regard for easy grade as you 

 will have previously learned to look out for in your driving through fields 

 remembering all the time that you expect to get out upon the highway 

 again without turning or even cramping the wheels. This will swing you 

 up to the main entrance and leave your machine right to start out again, 

 and a glance will show you whether you can swing out again between the 

 house and the highway, or whether you have to go around the house to 

 make the turn-around. In either case, go again to the main entrance and 

 you have one main driveway located. 



Start again, following the wheel tracks made on the first run from the 

 main road entrance until you reach the alighting place for the house door 

 which you expect most to use, or to the point where you will depart from 

 the first main driveway to reach it. When you have reached that chiefly- 

 used entrance, stop a moment and look ahead for your easiest and most 

 direct approach to the barn and the garage, for this line should reach them 

 both. Drive to these points and consider the way to go from both of 



