TREES FOR SHADE AND ORNAMENT 245 



when of considerable size by the treatment usually accorded olive or 

 orange trees. 



Carob. This handsome, round-headed tree will produce excellent 

 effects in dry places, among rocks, etc., although it relishes better 

 places and easier conditions. 



Catalpa. Catalpas are very satisfactory in all California localities; 

 full, hardy and enduring high heat and drouth. 



Cedar. The Himalayan cedar (Cedrus deodara) is perhaps the 

 most glorious of the introduced conifers of California, and it has a 

 very wide range of suitability. Splendid specimens are seen in parks 

 and gardens in all our valleys and foothills north and south. Experi- 

 ments in reforestation carried on by the government on the mountains 

 north of Santa Barbara, have demonstrated that the deodara thrives 

 better than any other species, even exceeding the conifers native to 

 the locality. The foliage is gray rather than green, with lacelike 

 effect and somewhat drooping attitude. It is not a large tree and still 

 attains good stature and breadth. It is beautiful and dependable. 



The Cedar of Lebanon is also quite at home in California and is a 

 delight to those who prize historical associations. 



Chestnut. The Italian or Spanish chestnut is a tree of fairly rapid 

 growth, cleanly built trunk and branches and handsome foliage. Single 

 specimens are very symmetrical and impressive and give a dense shade. 



Cypress. Our most widely grown cypress is that from Monterey. 

 It is native to a rocky area about two hundred yards wide and a few 

 miles in length along the California coast south of the Bay of Mon- 

 terey, where it grows about fifty feet high and forms in age a broad 

 flat-topped crown resembling a cedar of Lebanon. With cultivation it 

 becomes a symmetrical, rapid-growing evergreen, or it may be kept 

 clipped to hedge form. It is largely grown as a windbreak. 



The Italian cypress does well, where tall narrow plumes are desired 

 chiefly by the architect. 



Elms. Elms demonstrate their delight in California and though 

 we have none so old and famous as the historic elms of the east, they 

 are on their way. Wherever the American white elm (Ulmus Ameri- 

 cana) has room to spread its branches in all its glory of foliage, it is 

 a model tree and fine specimens are found with only a few years' 

 growth on them. It is somewhat subject to wind-breakage of branches 

 and is safer in the lee of other trees. 



The cork bark elm is a smaller and more compact tree, with 

 peculiar cork-like excrescences on the stem and limbs. It is very 

 widely successful and by some recommended more highly than any 

 other variety. 



The European elm is often commended as the most desirable of all 

 the elms as a street tree in California. It has a stout, round trunk, 



