292 CALIFORNIA FRUITS: HOW TO GROW THEM 



Rooting Cuttings in Nursery. What has been written is in 

 reference to cuttings designed for placing in permanent position in the 

 vineyards, but, for the most part, applies as well to the preparation of 

 cuttings for the nursery. For nursery treatment, however, shorter 

 cuttings can be used than for field planting, because of the better cul- 

 tivation and more generous moisture conditions which are usually 

 provided. 



In preparation of ground for the rooting of vines and the planting 

 of cuttings therein, the suggestions in Chapter VIII are directly appli- 

 cable, as, to secure rooting of the cuttings, there is just as great need for 

 deep and fine working of the soil, pressing of it around the cutting, 

 and for careful culture during the growing season, as there is for such 

 treatment of fruit-tree seedling or root graft. It is just as necessary, 

 too, that the rooted cuttings should be carefully lifted and guarded 

 from drying out while on the way from the nursery to permanent 

 place. The reader is, therefore, referred to Chapter VIII for sugges- 

 tions on preparation, laying out, and care of nursery ground intended 

 for the rooting of grape cuttings. 



To secure vines upon resistant roots recourse has recently been 

 made by some growers to the cutting-graft which will be mentioned 

 presently. 



There is a growing tendency to use rooted vines instead of cutting 

 in planting out vineyards, for, although the former costs several 

 times as much as the latter, either in the time of the grower or in cash 

 outlay, the balance is believed to be usually on the other side, when the 

 uniform stand and more satisfactory growth secured by rooted vines 

 are considered. 



BUDDING AND GRAFTING THE GRAPE VINE 



Working over the grape vine is largely practised in this State and 

 is easily accomplished. The occasion is twofold ; Replacing undesir- 

 able varieties with those of better quality, or in better market demand, 

 and in bringing the vinifera varieties upon roots which resist the attacks 

 of the phylloxera. The employment of resistant stocks has proved 

 eminently satisfactory in this State, the resistant stock having been 

 successfully installed even in the hole from which the dead vinifera 

 root had been taken. For this reason resistant roots are largely relied 

 upon in the planting of new vineyards in infested districts, and also 

 used to some extent in regions where the insect is not now found, 

 by those who fear and desire to provide against its coming. And yet 

 in the large planting of vineyard in the interior valley which has 

 recently been undertaken very little attention has been paid to resistant 

 roots. It is so cheap to proceed with simple cuttings of the variety 

 desired, and the vine comes into bearing so soon, that most planters are 

 willing to take the risk of infection with phylloxera for it may be long' 

 delayed and several profitable crops may be realized before its arrival. 

 This is a question which each planter must answer for himself. 



Budding the Grape. Buds can be readily made to grow in 

 grape canes, though budding is not largely used. Success can be had 



