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CALIFORNIA FRUITS: HOW TO GROW THEM 



ally a stump of one to two feet or more. As with trees so with vines, 

 the practice is to prune to make lower heads than during the early 

 years of California fruit growing. 



Long Pruning. Some varieties grown for market and for raisin 

 making do not thrive if pruned by the short-spur system. Notable 

 among these are the Sultana, Sultanina, (Thompson's Seedless), Em- 

 peror and Sabalskanski. There are also a number of wine varieties 

 which must be pruned long. Whatever the variety of vine and what- 

 ever the system of pruning to be ultimately adopted, the treatment for 

 the first two and even three years is practically identical and is that 

 which has already been described in detail. 



year. 



Fig. 3. Three-year-old vines after pruning. 



a. Average vine with two spurs. 



b. Vigorous vines with three spurs, the lowest of which is to be removed the following 



c. Vigorous vine with three spurs. 



Long pruning admits of degrees, but it usually signifies using a five 

 or six instead of a four-foot stake and leaving the selected canes from 

 eighteen inches to three feet longer instead of cutting back to two or 

 three buds, as in short pruning. These long canes are securely tied to 

 the long stakes. 



With varieties needing long pruning the first two or three buds next 

 the old wood do not bear fruit, hence the need of leaving buds farther 

 removed from the old wood to secure it. This habit of the vine invites 

 the practice of growing a long cane for fruit and at the same time pro- 

 viding for wood growth for the following year's fruiting by cutting 



