474 



CALIFORNIA FRUITS: HOW TO GROW THEM 



Root injury by Phylloxera and forms of insect 



A healthy root; b, root on which the lice are working, representing the knots and swell- 

 ings caused by their punctures; c, root deserted by lice and beginning to decay; d, d, d, show 

 how the lice appear on the larger roots; e, the nymph; g, winged female. After Riley. 



five gallons to the tree, has been found very effective in killing the root 

 form. The insect on the branches and twigs can be reduced by spray- 

 ing with the summer washes soon to be given for scale insects. Lady- 

 birds often clear away the woolly aphis, after reproduction has fallen 

 below the normal, from the tree above ground. Some attention is 

 being given to trial of resistant roots and it is likely that such roots 

 will be generally used here as in Australia. How such trees are grown 

 is described on page 197. 



Scale Insects. This is a large group of pests which occasion 

 greater loss and trouble to our fruit growers than all other pests 

 combined. There are many species, and no orchard tree is exempt 

 from the attacks of one or more of them, though some trees are appar- 

 ently more popular with the pests than others. The fruit grower should 

 study their life history and classification as laid down in the works 

 on entomology. It will only be possible in this connection to introduce 

 a few engravings, by which some of the most prominent pests can be 

 recognized, and to give some of the remedies which are now being 

 most successfully employed against them. 



