482 CALIFORNIA FRUITS: HOW TO GROW THEM 



The second spraying should be applied from the last of May to the first 

 ten days in June, and is intended to augment the effect of the first spraying by 

 further covering the rapidly expanding fruit. 



For this spraying use 2 pounds of arsenate of lead to 50 gallons of water. 

 No Bordeaux should be used with this spraying, for the previous sprayings con- 

 taining Bordeaux will have controlled the scab, and the further use of the 

 fungicide is likely to russet the apples. 



Very few eggs are laid during July, so if the second spraying has been 

 applied about the first of June it should suffice to control the first generation 

 attack. The second generation worms begin to appear about the first of August, 

 so a spraying is due at this time. 



For the third spraying, use 2 pounds of arsenate of lead to 50 gallons of 

 water. 



If the apples are to remain on the trees through September they should receive 

 another spraying about the first of this month. 



For the fourth spraying, if the other three have been applied according to 

 directions, use l l /2 pounds of arsenate of lead to 50 gallons of water. 



The schedule of sprayings above laid out should control the codlin moth 

 under average conditions, and even where the insect is extremely abundant 

 should yield 95 per cent clean fruit. 



The codlin moth is much affected by weather conditions, and if there is a 

 large amount of cold fog during the summer the damage will be much reduced. 



The Peach Worm, As already stated, the larva of the peach 

 moth, which early in the spring bores into the twigs, is sometimes found 

 later in the season in the flesh of the peach. Hence the importance of 

 saving the fruit by proper treatment of the hibernating worms which 

 emerge as the blossom buds are opening. 



The Diabrotica. A light green beetle with twelve spots on his 

 back (Diabrotica soror), is sometimes very injurious to early fruit, by 

 eating into it when ripe. The insect also eats leaves and blossoms. As 

 the insect attacks the fruit just as. it is ready to pick, it is impossible 

 to apply any disagreeable or poisonous spray. Sometimes the insects 

 are driven away by dense smoke from fires in and around the orchard. 



The Dried Fruit Worm. Dried fruit is often seriously injured 

 after packing, by a small worm, larva of a moth not yet determined. 

 The eggs are deposited on the fruit either while drying or while in the 

 packing-house, or through the cloth of the sacks, or seams of the 

 package. The eggs may be killed on the fruit before packing, by 

 dipping in boiling water, or by heating in an oven and after that pre- 

 venting the access of the moth. Infested fruit can also be treated by 

 bisulphide vapor, the method being the same as described for nursery 

 stock below. 



ANTS AND YELLOW JACKETS 



These insects are often of serious trouble during fruit drying. Ants 

 are most effectually disposed of by slightly opening their holes in the 

 ground by thrusting down a crowbar and pouring in a couple of ounces 

 of carbon bisulphide and closing again with earth. Yellow jackets 

 also nest in the ground in old squirrel or gopher holes, and they too 

 can be suffocated with carbon bisulphide or by pouring in gasoline or 

 kerosene and firing it. Hornets which nest in trees are troublesome, but 

 are much less numerous than the cave-dwelling species. 



