SUPPLEMENT 



upper petals is the rudimentary fifth stamen reduced to a scale ; the four 

 perfect stamens lie against the lower lip, but at first are entirely within 

 the corolla. When the flower opens, the style with its stigmatic tip 

 looks over the edge of the lower lip; here it is sure to be struck by 

 the bees or wasps that come for honey. After pollination, the style 

 curves closely over the lip, and puts the withering stigma out of the 

 way, then, two by two, the anthers pop up and stand exactly where 

 the stigma stood. Honey is particularly abundant in these flowers; 

 bees come in throngs, and I have seen even humming birds visit 

 them; so these flowers are a striking illustration of the fact that 

 abundance of refreshment counts more, even with the highest guests, 

 than imposing size or pleasing color. There are two genera obviously 

 nearly related to Castilleia and Orthocarpus; they are Cordylanthus 

 and Pedicularis. The flowers of the former are found in summer or 

 in dry habitats and are not striking, but the latter blooms early in 

 damp woods, and the most common species is so striking, with its red- 

 dish stems and leaves and its handsome crimson clusters, that child- 

 ren call it Indian warrior. It is found but rarely in Southern 

 California. 



The family Labiatae has, besides the characteristics already men- 

 tioned, square s'tems and opposite leaves ; the flowers are solitary or 

 in whorls in the axils of leaves ; when they are densely clustered, the 

 effect is of a succession of heads through which the stem passes. 

 Nearly all Labiatae are aromatic, and several genera are called mints, 

 Mentha, Monardella and Micromeria for instance ; Micromeria 

 Douglasii, Benth., is the yerba buena so prized as a medicine by the 

 Spanish Californians; Monardella lanceolata* Gray, or " pennyroyal," 

 is a handsome-flowered mint, rather common in the mountains ; its 

 flowers are well patronized by bees and butterflies. Several species of 

 Stachys, or hedge nettle, are rather common plants of weedy habit ; 

 Stachys bullata, Benth., is found in moist places ; the flowers have an 

 obvious story of pollination. The Scutellariae are called skullcaps 

 because of their peculiar helmet-shaped calyxes. 5. tuberosa is only 

 a few inches high, but it has vigorous, tuberous roots, and large purple 

 flowers that come early, as noted in the Supplement to Chapter IX. 

 Another Scutellaria, with similar flowers, is common in the mountains 

 in summer, and is pollinated by large bees. The hoarhound is classed 

 with weeds in Chapter XVI, and so is Trichostema lanceolatum, Benth., 

 the disagreeably scented blue-curls. Trichostema lanatum, Benth., 

 the woolly blue-curls, is a pleasantly scented shrub, with unique hand- 

 some flowers ; it is rather common on gravelly hillsides in Southern 

 California. 



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