PLANTING ON HILLSIDES 89 



feet as nearly at a right angle with the first line as can be judged 

 with the eye, and run diagonally from this point to the temporary 

 sixty-foot stake. If the distance between these stakes is one hun- 

 dred feet, then the corner is a right angle. Now, having the outside 

 lines started at right angles to each other, one can proceed with the 

 measuring wire and lay off as large an area as he desires, if care is 

 taken to have each line drawn parallel with the last, and all stakes 

 accurately placed with the tags on the wire providing the land is 

 nearly level or on a uniform grade. In locating trees over uneven 

 ground, the measurements will have to be made from tree to tree, 

 with the tape line held as nearly to a level as possible. 



Rows on Hillsides. Laying off orchard or vineyard on hillside 

 too steep to plow both ways, there is advantage sometimes in placing 

 the rows up and down the hill nearly twice as far apart as the rows 

 along the face of the hill. In planting trees thus the advantage to 

 be gained is by enabling you to keep the team well up the hill; 

 thereby you are able to plow or cultivate the trees close on the lower 

 side of the rows. There is no difficulty in cultivating the upper side 

 of the rows, for the plow or harrow is always below the team. If 

 trees are planted as recommended, the team can be guided up the 

 hill a little between the rows, then allowed to drop downhill one step, 

 and thus one can cultivate the trees close on the lower side. The 

 same rule will apply to vines. 



QUINCUNX PLANTING 



There is much confusion in the use of this term in this State. It 

 is, in fact, made to cover almost every kind of arrangement which is 

 not on the square. Webster defines the term to mean "the arrange- 

 ment of things, especially of trees, by five in a square, one being 

 placed in the middle of a square." Trees set in quincunx would 

 stand as shown in the accompanying diagram. To locate them in 

 this form it is only necessary to proceed as already described for 

 planting in squares, by fixing upon the base line and locating two 

 side lines to it at right angles. Place the stakes on these two lines 

 just half the distance desired between the trees, and have the meas- 

 uring wire long enough to reach across from one line to the other. 

 Near one end of the wire place another mark just half way between 

 the end and the first tree marked; that is, if the trees are to be 

 twenty-four feet apart in the squares, this additional mark should 

 be twelve feet from the end of the wire. Now set the first row with 

 thq end of the wire at the corner stake, and set stakes at each 

 twenty-four foot mark. 



Proceed now to the first half-way stake, and instead of putting 

 the end of the wire at this stake, put the twelve-foot mark there. 

 Put stakes now at each twenty-four foot mark again to locate the 

 trees in that row. In the next row put the end of the wire at the 

 first stake and proceed as in the first row. Thereafter using the end 

 of the wire and the twelve-foot marks alternately, the stakes will be 

 set in quincunx all over the field. If the midway stakes are now 



