90 CALIFORNIA FRUITS: HOW TO GROW THEM 



pulled out along the two side lines, the remaining stakes show where 

 the trees are to be placed. This way of planting locates about 78 

 per cent more trees upon any given area, but it brings the trees at 

 irregular distances from each other, and except in furnishing a way 

 to arrange an orchard with permanent and temporary trees, there 

 does not seem to be any advantage in it. 



PLANTING IN EQUILATERAL TRIANGLES 



This is the arrangement generally implied when the term "quin- 

 cunx" is wrongly employed. By it the trees are all equally distant 

 from each other, and thus the ground divided as equally as possible. 



Hexagonal planting places the trees as shown in the accompany- 

 ing sketch. 



It is termed hexagonal because, as the figure consists of six trees 

 inclosing a seventh, a line drawn through the encompassing trees 

 makes a hexagon. It is also called septuple planting, because seven 

 trees enter into its figure. 



An orchard can be laid out in hexagonals by using the measuring 

 wire as described for quincunx planting with the distance and half- 

 distance marks, except that the guide stakes in the side rows must 

 be placed at different distances apart. The following table shows 

 the distance for side stakes to reach desired distance between the 

 trees, and the method of calculating the number of trees to the acre 

 by the square and hexagonal or sextuple arrangement: 



Trees set Septuple Check-stakes should be 



10 feet apart 8 feet 8 inches 



12 feet apart 10 feet 4 2-5 inches. 



14 feet apart 12 feet % inches. 



16 feet apart 13 feet 10^ inches. 



18 feet apart 15 feet 7 inches. 



20 feet apart 17 feet 4 inches. 



21 feet apart 18 feet 2y 2 inches. 



22 feet apart 19 feet % inches. 



24 feet apart 20 feet 9 l / 2 inches. 



After the field is staked, each alternate stake in the check rows should 

 be removed. The following table will show the number of trees to the acre 

 by the square and septuple system: 



Square Septuple 



10 feet apart 435 500 



12 feet apart 302 347 



14 feet apart 222 255 



16 feet apart 170 . . 195 



18 feet apart 134 . .154 



20 feet apart 109 125 



21 feet apart 99 114 



22 feet apart 90. .. .'.103 



24 feet apart 75 86 



For any distance not given in the above table, calculate the number of 

 trees to the acre by the square system, and add fifteen per cent. This will 

 give the number if planted septuple. 



The arrangement admits 15 per cent more trees to the acre than 

 the setting in squares, and the ground can be worked in three dif- 



