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CALIFORNIA FRUITS: HOW TO GROW THF-M 



a charm and the job will be perfect; and it is so simple and easy that a 

 man and two small boys can lay off from five to ten acres in one day. Re- 

 member that no guide stakes are used anywhere after the first time through. 



The Triangle on Hillside. The use of the triangle requires a 

 little nicety in "leveling up" where the piece is hilly. By using a 

 plumb-line at two corners of the triangle, the third corner resting 

 on one of the stakes, leveling the triangle and bringing one of the 

 plumb-lines over another stake already set, the position of the other 

 line would determine the position of the next stake. This method 

 has worked fairly well, even in places where the slope was sufficient 

 to give a fall of six feet between the trees, which were set twenty 

 feet apart. 



Locating in Triangles With a Chain. Instead of a wooden tri- 

 angle, a chain has been used in this way : 



First stretch a chain along one side of the ground, setting by it the first 

 row of stakes. This forms the base line. Have a piece of chain just twice 

 the length of the established distance between trees, with ample rings on 

 the ends and a joint in the middle. Put one of the rings over the first stake 

 and the other over the second stake. Then take the joint in the middle of 

 the chain and stretch it out reasonably tight. The wire forms a letter V, 

 at the focus of which stick a stake. The point is indicated with precision 

 by the joint in the middle of the chain. Then take the ring off the first stake 

 and put it over the third stake, leaving the one on the second stake where 

 it is. Tighten the chain again, and another point is fixed. Thus continue 

 alll the base line, shifting the rings alternately, turning over the chain as 

 one turns a pair of draughtsman's compasses in his hand when spacing off 

 a line. The second row of stakes being set, set the third row, and so on 

 through the ground. 



The suggestions given in this chapter should indicate ways 

 enough to lay off orchard and vineyard ground to answer all needs, 

 though there are other good ways not mentioned. It is hoped that 

 the instructions will not be regarded as too explicit. They are in- 

 tended for the guidance of the inexperienced planter, and wjill 

 naturally seem laden with detail to those who have become familiar 

 with the operations by repeated practice. 



