TRAINING AND TREATMENT. 97 



which is left remaining in the wound, 1 and when 

 he attempts to suck, it pricks the udder of the 

 dam, which repulses him with kicks, and he soon 

 abandons the teat for the fresh grass of the sea- 

 son. He is again sheared in the spring, and at 

 the close of the second year, his education com- 

 mences. For the first lesson, they put upon him 

 a halter, the rein of which is made to shackle 

 one of his legs, and he is kept motionless, at first 

 by gestures and the voice, and then by the voice 

 alone. The halter is now loosened from his leg, 

 but replaced if he takes a step. He now begins 

 to understand what is wanted, and this lesson 

 is repeated until he will stand a whole day with 

 his halter dragging, where his master has placed 

 him. An iron ring is now passed through the 

 right nostril and permanently riveted. To this 

 is attached a rein of camel's-hair rope, carried 

 from right to left, and connecting on the shoulder 

 with the rein of the halter, which passes up on 

 the other side. He is next accustomed to the 



1 This would seem almost incredible, were it not confirmed 

 by the authority of Burckhardt. " The young camel is 

 weaned at the beginning of his second year. He is pre- 

 vented from sucking by driving a sharp wooden pin, four 

 inches long, through the palate and nostrils. The Turco- 

 mans tie a sharp stick across the nostrils instead. Before 

 weaning, the foal is prevented from sucking too often by 

 tying up the udder in a camel's-hair bag, or a wooden bowl." 

 Bedouins, 111. 



