GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE OF THE CAMEL. 175 



did not come into general use earlier than the 

 third or fourth century of the Christian era. 

 The Asiatic Goths who made an irruption into 

 the valleys of the Dniester and Danube towards 

 the end of the fourth century, appear to have 

 brought both the Bactrian and the Arabian in 

 their train, as both are represented among the 

 spoil of the Goths on the triumphal column 

 erected by Arcadius at Constantinople, in honor 

 of the victory over that people won by his father 

 Theodosius, in the year 386. From the north- 

 ern shores of the Black Sea they spread very 

 gradually northwards until, having reached the 

 zone inhabited by the reindeer, they appear to 

 have met their natural limit in this direction. 

 They were introduced into Granada by the 

 Moors in the middle ages, and are still used in 

 that country. The Norman conquerors carried 

 them to the Canary Islands in the fifteenth cen- 

 tury, and the Turks to Cyprus somew T hat later. 

 An unsuccessful attempt was made to natural- 

 ize them in Peru in the sixteenth century, and 

 with better success in Venezuela, where Hum- 

 boldt found them at the beginning of the pres- 

 ent century. At what period they were carried 

 to Tuscany is matter of dispute, but they have 

 bred there at least two hundred years, and it is 

 remarkable that they were not introduced into 

 the Persian provinces bordering on the Caspian, 



