56 CAMPBELL'S SOIL CULTURE MANUAL 



up the sod from the bottom. Then harrow thoroughly 

 with common smoothing harrow, teeth slanted back 

 and weighted. 



FOR POTATOES, VEGETABLES, ETC. 



Follow same plan as above outlined, except break 

 about three inches. ' after treating as above outlined, 

 plow again with stirring or stubble plow about two inches 

 deeper, following the plow with the sub-surface packer, 

 then harrow. 



In case fall breaking is impossible and spring breaking 

 is imperative, follow practically the same plan of fitting 

 for the different crops, but of necessity the breaking must 

 be early. Bear in mind the soil must be fine, and at the 

 bottom as firm as it may be possible to get it. 



The disk plow may be used. It is only a question of 

 getting the soil as fine and firm as possible for reasons 

 frequently reiterated all through this volume. Very good 

 Milo maize and Kaffir corn can be grown in the same 

 manner for feed for teams. 



When necessary to spring-break sod, we would not 

 advise sowing oats in a section where the rainfall is less 

 than 20 inches annually. It is by no means a sure crop 

 on sod, no matter how it is fitted. It is not wise to risk 

 any more on sod than necessities demand. 



BREAKING SOD FOR FALL WHEAT. 



There is very little prairie sod now unbroken except 

 in the more arid sections, and we believe in turning it as 

 quickly as conditions will permit, and so far as it may 

 be possible, break tbe fall before you wish to crop, 

 as it will pay. If at any time you have some leisure, 

 curn over some sod as flat as you can. Roll it to make it 

 lie firmly against the subsoil. The packer does very 

 well if you have no roller. Keep the surface worked 



