34 



or Bed Cedar), wood pale, yellowish or reddish color very durable 

 often found 100 to 150 feet high and 15 feet thick. Yellow Cypress (Yel- 

 low Cedar), mainland coast, Vancouver and Queen Charlotte Islands. 

 Western Larch (Tamarac), Rocky Mountains, Selkirk and Gold ranges, 

 west to Okanagan Lake, large tree, yielding a strong, coarge, durable 

 wook. Maple, valuable hard wood ; Vancouver and adjacent Islands, 

 Queen Charlotte's, ditto, and mainland coast, up to 55, attains a diame- 

 ter of four feet. Vine Maple, very strong, tough white wood, confined to 

 coast Yew, Vancouver and opposite mainland shores, very tough and 

 hard and of a beautiful rose colour. Crab Apple, all along the coasts ; 

 wood very hard ; takes good polish and withstands great wear. Alder, 

 two feet thick on the Lower Fraser; good furniture wood. Western 

 Birch, Paper or Canoe Birch, Columbia region, Upper Fraser, Peace 

 River; range and value not much known. Oak, Vancouver Island 

 mostly ; seventy feet in height, three feet in diameter. Dogwood, Van- 

 couver and coast opposite. Arbutus, close grained, heavy, resembling 

 box; reaches fifty feet in height and twenty inches in diameter ; found 

 on Vancouver and neighbouring islands. Aspen Poplar abounds over 

 the whole interior, reaching a thickness of two feet. Three other varie- 

 ties of Poplars are found, commonly included under the name of Cotton- 

 wood. One does not extend above Yale, and is the same wood largely 

 used in Puget Sound to make staves for sugar barrels for San Francisco. 

 The other two kinds occur in valleys in the interior. Mountain Ash, in 

 the interior. Juniper, Red Cedar or Pencil Cedar, east coast Vancouver 

 and along the shores of Kamloops and other lakes in interior." 



Dr. Dawson gives in the Geological Survey Report for 1879-80 a list of 

 trees, and goes very fully into the limits of their habitat. The substance 

 of his report is condensed as far as consistent with practical information. 



DOUGLAS SPRUCE OR OREGON PIXE (Pseudotsuga Douglassii) is the most 

 important timber tree of British Columbia, and the only one of which the 

 wood has yet become an article of export on a large scale. It is found in 

 all parts of Vancouver Island with the exception of the exposed 

 coast, but is not found in Queen Charlotte Islands. On the mainland 

 near the 49th parallel it extends from the sea to the Rocky Moun- 

 tains, growing in a stunted form at a height of GOO feet. In the 

 dry southern parts of the interior it is confined to the higher uplands 

 between the various river valleys. Northward it comes down to the 

 general level of the country. It does not extend into the mountain- 

 ous and humid region of Cariboo, and is probably absent from the 

 higher portions of the Selkirk and Gold ranges. Its northern limit 

 is singularly irregular. It occurs abundantly on the coast as far 

 north as opposite the north end of Vancouver Island, but beyond that is 

 only found on the shores of inlets at some distance from the sea. The 

 best grown specimens are found near the coast. Here it frequently sur- 

 passes eight feet in diameter at a considerable height from the ground, 

 and attains a height of from 200 to 300 feet, forming dark and prodigious 

 forests. The wood varies considerably in appearance and strength, 



