37 



VISE MAPLE (Acer circinatum) This tree, like the last, is strictly con- 

 fined to the vicinity of the coast, but does not extend far to the north. 

 It seldom exceeds one foot in diameter, yields a tough, strong wood, 

 used in the absence of ash for the manufacture of handles, helves, &c. 



CRAB APPLE (Pirus rivularis) This tree grows along the whole coast 

 of the mainland, and in Vancouver and Queen Charlotte Islands. It 

 is a tree of small growth, with very hard wood, susceptible of good 

 polish and especially valuable in those parts of mill machinery intended 

 to stand great wear. 



MOUNTAIN ASH (Pints sambudfolia) Only a small-sized tree, sparingly 

 met with in the interior, and not used for timber. 



SERVICE BERRY (Amalanchier alnifplia)This is more of a shrub than a 

 tree, abundant in the interior plateau and on Vancouver Island. The 

 wood is hard and used for various purposes by the Indians. It produces 

 berries which are dried and stored away in large quantities for winter 

 use. 



OAK (Quercus garryana) This tree is by no means abundant, but is 

 found on Vancouver Island and near Yale. It attains a height of about 

 seventy feet with a diameter of three feet Wood hard but not tough. 



ALDER (Alnus rubra) This tree attains considerable size on Vancouver 

 and Queen Charlotte Islands and the coast of the mainland. On the 

 Lower Fraser it is sometimes found two feet in diameter. The wood is 

 easily worked, is well adapted for turning, and takes a good polish. It is 

 largely employed in Portland, Oregon, for the manufacture of furniture. 

 It is also largely manufactured into charcoal. 



WESTERN BIRCH (Betula occidentalis) This is a small tree belonging 

 to the dry interior region. 



PAPER BIRCH (Betula papyracea) This tree occurs in a number of locali- 

 ties, but neither of these trees are used for timber purposes. 



ASPEN POPLAR (Populus tremuloides) abounds over the whole of the 

 interior, and is characteristic of the most fertile lands. It forms the 

 usual second growth after fires. It attains a diameter of two feet, but its 

 wood is very little used. 



COTTONWOOD (Populus trichocarpa) A variety of Poplars are included 

 under this name, found in the valleys of streams and rivers throughout 

 the Province, and attaining sometimes a diameter of from four to five 

 feet. The wood is used at some places on Puget Sound in the manufac- 

 ture of staves for sugar barrels which are used at San Francisco for the 

 Sandwich Island crop. 



ARBUTUS (Arbutus Menziesii) This tree is met with on Vancouver and 

 the neighbouring islands. It is a very handsome evergreen, yielding 

 a white close-grained heavy wood, resembling box, and which could be 

 used for the same purpose as the latter. It attains a diameter of from 

 eighteen inches to two feet, and a height of fifty feet. 



DOGWOOD (Cornus nuttallii) This tree grows on Vancouver Island and 

 on the mainland adjacent Its wood is close-grained and very hard. 



