38 



The above synopsis of Dr. Dawson's list of trees of British Columbia 

 conveys only a faint idea of the capabilities this Province offers to the 

 lumbermen of the future, and the rapid consumption of timber and 

 partial denudation of the forests of the eastern Provinces will give an 

 impetus to this branch of trade which, from the conveniences for export 

 and access by railway to the treeless districts east of the Rocky Moun- 

 tains, must constitute one of the principal industries of this Province. 



Mr. Ward remarks on its lumber products as follows : 

 British Columbia is credited in the last census with producing 24,043,- 

 877 cubic feet of white and red pine in addition to 3,291,043 saw logs 

 which at an average of say 150 feet each, making nearly 500,000,000 feet, 

 b. m., besides 86,000 cords of lath and firewood. The quantity of hewn 

 timber is almost double that made last year in the older provinces, and 

 one-fourth as many logs. This is certainly a large yield to be produced 

 in a province credited with a population of less than 50,000 souls, the two 

 districts of Yale and New Westminster with a population of 25,000 

 producing nearly the whole of this large quantity of timber and logs, the 

 total value of her forest exports being only $362,871, or a small portion of 

 the value of the timber and lumber placed to her credit in the census. 



TIMBER LIMITS REGULATIONS. 



The progressive demand for rough and manufactured timber has given 

 an enormous value within the last decade to timber limits, and as a 

 natural result, explorations have been pushed far into the back country 

 and regions long neglected have acquired a commercial value. Timber 

 limits vary in size, according to the standing of the lessee, many of the 

 larger lumbering establishments holding hundreds of square miles. The 

 Governments of both Ontario and Quebec never relinquish their proprie- 

 tary rights, they invariably retain ihefeud or proprietary right, merely 

 using the usufruct. The leasing of these limits in Ontario and Quebec is 

 sold by auction or at private sale, at so much the square mile. Licenses 

 have to be renewed annually, and the license holders pay an annual 

 ground rent of two dollars per mile. In addition to this, all timber, saw- 

 logs, wood or lumber of any kind cut under license in Ontario is subject 

 to the payment of the following Crown dues : 



ONTARIO. 



$ c. 



Black Walnut and Oak, per cubic foot 003 



Elm, Ash, Tamarac and Maple, per cubic foot 02 



Red and White Pine, Birch, Basswood, Cedar, Buttonwood and Cottonwood, and 



all Boom Timber, per cubic foot 01J 



All other Woods 001 



Red and White Pine, Basswood, Buttonwood and Cottonwood, saw-logs, per 



standard of 200 feet board measure 15 



Walnut, Oak and Maple, saw-logs, per standard of 200 feet board measure 25 



Hemlock, Spruce and other Woods, per standard of 200 feet board measure 10 



