44 ' 



a height of from sixty to eighty feet, with occasionally a diameter of four 

 feet, and like the previous one is confined to the coast ; its wood is valu- 

 able, hard, close-grained and takes a good polish; is well-adapted for 

 cabinet-making, and is a good substitute for the hickory of the east ; hats, 

 mats and baskets are made from its inner bark. The Ash-leaved Maple 

 (Negundo Aceroides), is abundant in the North- West, but rarer in the 

 eastern Provinces. It is a tree from thirty to fifty feet high, with a trunk 

 of some two feet in diameter, found along river banks and in rich soil. Its 

 wood is soft and of little value, but the tree is destined from its rapid 

 and easy growth to be the shade tree of the prairie farms. 



THE COFFEE TREE (Gymnodadus Canadensis), so scarce in Canada that 

 it cannot be styled as a tree contributing to man's use, attains a height 

 of from 60 to 80 feet with a trunk in proportion. Its wood is rose 

 coloured, close-grained and compact, but said to be difficult to season and 

 work. So scarce is this tree in Canada now, that in Macoun's Catalogue 

 the location of the only known trees existing are given. 



THE CHERRY TREE (Prunus). There are two species of this tree, the Red 

 or Wild Cherry (Prunus Pennsylvania), a small tree from 20 to 30 feet high, 

 of no comparative value. It delights in sandy soil and in Eastern 

 Canada takes possession where the forests have been cleared by fire; 

 its fruit is very small, sour, and astringent. The Black Cherry (Prunus 

 serotina), is a fine tree, attaining a height of 60 or 80 feet, with a trunk 

 often 4 feet in diameter. The bark is used medicinally, and its fruit of 

 a purplish black colour is used for the same purpose, being made into a 

 cordial. Its wood is light red, becoming darker with age, close-grained, 

 compact, easily worked and not liable to warp. It is largely used in 

 cabinet-making, for which purpose it is one of the most valuable of our 

 woods. 



THE MOUNTAIN ASH (Pirus Americana), is a small tree favouring 

 swampy groves and moist woods, and is of no commercial value. It 

 forms an ornamental tree when planted out and cared for. 



THE CRAB APPLE (Pints coronaria), is a small tree with small yellowish 

 green sour fruit, and yields a very hard, yellow, close-grained wood, use- 

 ful in machinery. The Oregon Crab Apple (P, Rivularis), found on the 

 Pacific coast, is a small tree with a very hard wood, susceptible of a high 

 polish. It is especially valuable in those parts of mill machinery 

 intended to stand great wear. 



THE SERVICE TREE (Amelanchier Canadensis), more properly a shrub>^ 

 runs into a tree in the west. The wood is exceedingly hard, heavy and 

 strong. The Pacific coast species, A. alnifolia , is very similar, and its 

 wood is used for rollers and teeth of wheels in machinery. 



DOGWOOD (Cornus Florida), is a small tree seldom attaining thirty feet 

 in height ; its bark is used as a tonic and astringent, and its wood is hard, 

 heavy, fine-grained and easily polished. The Dogwood of the Pacific 

 coast, C. Nuttallii, attains a greater size than the preceding, and its wood 

 is used similarly to Boxwood for carving and engraving. 



