54 



smooth and straight The most magnificent specimens are found in the 

 depths of our forests, in a virgin soil covered witlf the accumulated mould 

 of centuries. Its wood is soft, light, free from knots, and is easily worked ; 

 is in great demand for inside work from the ready manner in which it 

 takes paint ; it is durable, and not liable to split when exposed to the 

 sun. It furnishes timber of large dimensions and boards of great width, 

 and is employed in far more diversified uses than the wood of any other 

 tree in America. It is rapidly becoming scarce, as far as its trees of any 

 size are concerned, owing to the great demand for it, and the search after 

 it has carried lumbering operations further into the back country than 

 the search for any other timber would ever have occasioned. Mr. Little* 

 of Montreal, one of the best authorities on Canadian timber, said at the 

 Cincinnati Forestry meeting of 1882 that the remark once made that 

 "our native white pine may yet be peddled in some parts of our country 

 as a rare exotic, so scarce has it become," is certain to be realized in the 

 future. 



LIST OF WOODS AND USES. 



The following lists enumerate the purposes to which various woods are 

 applied : 



BUILDING Cedar, pine, spruce, fir, larch, elm, oak, birch for ship- 

 building; pine, oak, white wood, ash, spruce, chestnut and birch for 

 house carpentry ; hemlock for barns and outbuildings ; hemlock, elm, 

 beech, birch, oak, plane, alder, white cedar for wharves, docks, flumes, 

 mines and wet foundations and for piles. 



MACHINERY Ash, beech, birch, pine, elm and oak for frames ; alder 

 and pine for foundry patterns ; service tree for rollers ; crab apple for 

 mill machinery ; hornbeam, ironwood and service tree for teeth of 

 wheels. 



FURNITURE and CABINET WORK Beech, birch, cedar, cherry, pine, 

 white wood, ash for common use ; maple, oak, butternut, walnut, cherry, 

 chestnut, cedar, tulip wood and alder for best furniture. 



COOPERAGE Fir, cedar, oak, ash, poplar. 



AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS and WHEELWRIGHTS Beech, elm, oak, hick- 

 ory, ash, bass, willow ; and for tool handles, birch, ash, hickory, beech, 

 hornbeam, ironwood. 



RAILWAY TIBS Larch, cedar, oak, ash, hemlock, chestnut and hickory. 



CARVING and TURNING Bass, willow, arbutus, red alder, dogwood. 



GENERAL Birch and poplar for spools and bobbins ; poplar and bass 

 for paper making. 



ELASTICITY Ash, hickory, chestnut, and red-birch. 

 TOUGHNESS Beech, elm, oak, walnut, hornbeam, ironwood, bass, 

 willow. 



