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stock, but the damage results from trampling. The indirect injury arises 

 from the enormous draft on the resources of the forest to build fences for 

 the protection of the crops from cattle at large. The enormous sacrifices 

 of labour and timber required in fencing tilled lands are a drawback to 

 the settler, and the remedy lies in fencing stock in, and not in having to 

 fence them out. " In all growing cities," says the Secretary of the Iowa 

 State Agricultural Society, " which are up to the spirit of the times, fences 

 are abandoned, and in those where fences were erected in an age closely 

 allied to the barbaric they are being torn down. The good citizen fences 

 in his cow and horee and poultry, and there is left to the view neighbours 

 dwelling in unity." The benefits that would arise from the adoption of a 

 etock law or law to fence cattle in would soon be apparent in the forest 

 regrowth, as well as in the economy of its effects on the agriculturist, 

 and the saving of the large annual outlay of keeping fences in repair to 

 keep cattle out. 



WASTE IN CUTTING. 



Waste is caused in making square timber, in cutting down undersized 

 trees, and in stripping hemlock bark indiscriminately. In making square 

 pine the waste is estimated at one-fourth of the whole, and of that part 

 which in saw logs gives the deals for which Canada is famous. As it is 

 not every tree that is sound enough for square timber, many pines are 

 left to rot after they are cut down, and there may be something wrong 

 about the heart or in the length, which, whilst it might have turned out 

 splendid saw logs, won't do for square timber. Square timber, on reach- 

 ing England, is at once cut up to sizes required by the trade there, but if 

 reduced here to those dimensions our lumbermen could dispose with 

 profit of a quantity of sidings, cuttings, ends and slabs that are now 

 totally lost. In Norway all the timber is shipped in all sizes of manu- 

 facture ready for use. 



Felling undersized trees is killing the goose that lays the golden eggs, 

 for on the growing timber depends the future of our forests. In the 

 Dominion Lands Act, 35 Vic., cap. 23, sec. 51, one condition of the per- 

 mission to cut timber on the public lands is the obligation of the lessee 

 to " prevent all unnecessary destruction of growing timber on the part of 

 his men." 



The indiscriminate destruction of hemlock forests to supply bark for 

 manufacturing extract for exportation, and leaving the timber thus 

 stripped to decay, is a waste that will soon tell injuriously on the 

 districts where it is carried on. It rests with the Provincial Goverr - 

 ments in granting licenses to arrest this wholesale destruction. 



