103 



In the inflorescenc3 and flowers, the relation of the Julianiaceae and I^agacese 

 is evident. The male inflorescence, the male flowers and pollen of Juliania 

 addringens are closely alike in texture, structure and form, to the corresponding 

 parts in certain species of Qitercus. The presence of several female flowers in a 

 closed invohicre is a characteristic of Juliania and Fagus, Castanea and Castanopsis. 

 The seeds of both Juliania and the Fagaceee are exalbuminate, and the cotyledons 

 are epigseous in germination. If we lay great stress upon the characters of 

 the reproductive organs in which there is agreement or similarity between the 

 JuHaniacese and Fagacese, or between the former family and Juglandacese, then 

 the Julianiaceee should be placed between the Juglandacete and Fagacege. On 

 the other hand, if the anatomical characters are to be credited with superior 

 value in classification, then the Julianiacese should be placed next to the 

 Anacardiaceae. Thus, the family may be put near the Juglandacese according 

 to one view ; but according to the other, ifc comes close to the Anacardiacese 

 and is widely separated from the Juglandaceee. 



Sahcaceae^^ (SaHcales) ; This group is closely related to the Batidaceae in 

 having a dimerous gynseceum, and also to the Myricacese and Juglandaceae in 

 having nearly naked or apetalous flowers. Bufc on the other liand, the close 

 rehxtion of the SaHcacese and Tamaricacese^^ (which sfcand far apart from the other, 

 so far as the present system is concerned) is incontestable ; the gynseceum, 

 placentas, ovules, fruits and seeds, or even anatomical characfcers such as 

 perforation of vessels, are very much the same in both famihes. If the 

 presence or absence of sepals and petals are to be credited with superior value 

 in classificafcion, then the Salicacese should be brought near the Myricaceae, 

 Juglandacese or some such group. But on the other hand, if we atfcach importance 

 to the structure of ovary, ovules, fruits, seeds or anatomical characters, then 

 the Salicacese should find its place near the Tamaricacese of the Parietales. 



Eanunculacege'^^ (Ranales) : This group bears some resemblance to the 

 Magnohaceee, Anonacese and Nymphgeaceae in the iuconstant number of the 

 sfcamens, in the apocarpous gynsecea and in their spiral arrangement. Ifc is 



1) Nat. Pfl.-fam. III.— 1, p. 35. 2) Nat. Pa.-fam. III. -6, p. 291. 



3) Nat. Pfl.-fam. III.— 2, p. 54. 



