127 



Typen darstellen, welche friihz.itig den Weg der Sympetnlie eingeschlagtn hnben. 

 Benchtung verdient nuch der Umstnnd, dn^ bei dem grofiten Teil der Sympetalen, 

 namentlich denen der l«tzen Eeihen, die Samenanlagen durchw^ mit nur einem 

 Integument versehen sind, wahrend bei den Archichlamydeae imd den ersten Reihen 

 der Symi>etalen mit einem Integument versehene Samenanlagen seltener sind. 



The above statamenfc plainly shows tliat the relation of the Metachlamydeae 



and Archichlamydeae is not static, but dynamic, as it changes in agreement 



with the different points of view. Consequently, to group saries into tha two 



classes, Archichlamydese and Metachlamydese, is quite right ; only, the grouping 



is in that respact Hmited. But, in another respect, it is not so, Some of the 



Archichlamydese are nearer to some of the Metaclilamydese than they are to others 



of the former cLxss, iu characters other than their choripatalous flowers. At the same 



time, some of the Metachlamydeae are much nearer to some of the Archichlamydeae 



than to some of the former class, in characfcers other than their gamop3talous nature. 



The Dichapetalaceee'^ (Geraniales), Salvadoracese'' (Sapindales), Fouquieriaceae''^ 



(Parietales), Passifloracese'*^ (Parietales), Achariaceae^^ (Parietales), Oleacese"'^ 



(Ebenales) and Kubiacese (Rubiales) may be mentioned as illusfcrating the 



above statements. The former families might properly be referred to the 



respective series (as given in parentheses) of the Archichlamydeae according to 



one view ; but, at the same time, they might be proparly assignable to the 



respective series of the Metachlamydeae ; thus, the Salvadoracese to the Ebenales, 



the Fouquieriacege to the Tubiflorse ; and the Passifloraceae and Achariacese to 



the Cucurbitales. The Oleacese and Rubiacese might be properly refen'ed fco the 



respsctive series (as shown in the parentheses) of the Metachlamydeae according 



to oue \iew ; but, at the same time, they are just as properly assignable to 



the Archichlamydeae, e. g. the OleacefB to the Sapindales, and the Rubiacese 



to the UmbeUiflorse. Which-ever may be the case, it is all right in fchafc way 



of looking at it, but it is so only in thafc way. Ifc cerfcainly shows one of fche 



nafciural relafcions. Bufc fche real natural relations are only seen by viewing 



their changeableness according fco diiferenfc crifceria. Tliafc is fco say nafcural 



relafcions are only demonstrative in what I call the dynamic system. 



1) Nat. Pfl.-£am. III.— 4, p. 347. 2) Nat. Pfl.-fam. IV.— 2, p. 18. 



3) 1. c. Kacht. KL p. 228, Nacht. I. pp. 251 and 368. 



4) 1. c. III. -6, a, p. 78. 5) 1. c. Nacht. I. p. 257. 

 6) 1. c. 17. -2, p.4. 



