131 



inferior ovarj, pariptal placenta and exalbuminate seeds. Consequnetly, some 

 of the Helobias are certainly connected with the LiliiflorsB, some with the 

 Farinosae, some with the Spathiflorae, some with the Ranales, some with the 

 Triuridales, and some with the Microsj^armae. The natm-al position of the 

 series is, therefore, not necessarily settled a3 between the Pandanales and the 

 Ghimiflorse. It should be placed here at one time, but there at another. 



Next to the Helobise, Exgler refers to the Triuridales^^ in his syllabus. 

 But, it is rather questionable whether the series l^elongs to the Monocotyledones 

 or the Dicolytedones. On one hand, as has been pointed out before, it is 

 somewhat related to the Helobiae, but ou the other hand, to the Microspermse, 

 as can be seen in a comparison of the Trimidace£B with the Orchidacese. 



Then, he treats of the Ghimiflorse'^ But, decidedly, this series also is 

 not to be definitely placed between the Helobise and Principas in the true 

 natural system. It has some counection with the Lihifloraa throngh the 

 Juncacese'*^ in its vegetative organs"*^ and in its external forin ; and also with 

 the Farinosae, as can be seen in the external relation between the Cyperacese 

 and the Eriocaulacese^^. Its natural position should be changed according to 

 different views. 



The next series''^ placad by Engler are the foUowing thi-ee : — Principes, 

 Synanthae and Spatliiflorre. They by uo means stand in a serial relation, but 

 rather in a close inter-relation between themselves and also in relation with 

 other series. The first series is somewhat alhed to the Pandanales, as we 

 have above stated. To some extent they approach the Synanthse, as the 

 Cyclauthaceae of the latter series have an incontestable similarity to the Palmse'^^ 

 in the vegetative organs. The second series is related to the Pandanales and 

 Principes, as we have seen before. At the same time, the resemblance in the 

 vegetative organs of the Cyclanthacese and those of the Aracese'*^ indicates that 

 ihe Synanthae and Spathiflorse are related. The relations of the latter series 

 to the Pandanales, to the Synanthae and to the Helobise have been ah-eady 



1) Englee, A. — SyUnbus, 1. c. p. 123 ; Nat. Pf[,-fam. 11.— 1, p. 235. 



2) Engler, A. — Erlautercmgen, 1. c. p, 360, 3) Nat. Pfl.-fam. II.— 2, p. 104. 

 4) Jeffkey, E. C. — 1. c. p, 413. 5) Nat. Pfl.-fam, 11.— 2, p. 104, 

 6) Engleb, A, — Erlauterungen, 1, c. p, 360, 7) Nat, Pfl.-fam. 11.— 3, p, 25, 

 8) Nat. Pfl,-fam, 1. c. IL— 3, p, 25 and Jeffret, RC, — l,c, p, 413, 



