137 



OU3 charaxiter, tlie solitarj exaJbumiuous seeds, the dissimilar male aud female 

 flowers, especially the latter with reduced envelopes, the broad stigmatic lobes 

 of the styles and the single coated ovules, in both Juglandacese and Juliania- 

 ce», — all these point to their close relationship. In no less degree than to 

 the Julianiales, the present series bears hkeness to the Sapindales, m can be 

 seen in the agreement of the Juglandaceae and Anacardiace8B'\ in the alternate, 

 exstipulate, imparipinnate leaves, in the resiniferous character, and in the 

 sohtary exalbuminous seeds. Tlie natural p^sition of the Juglandales should, 

 therefore, be changed from this place in Engler's system, far away to a place 

 close to the Anacardiacese, according to the law of natural relationship. 



Here Engler places the Batidales^ in his syllabus. Their relation to 

 the Sahcales h;xs been discussed above. Some aUiance may be noticed between 

 the Batidales and the Centrospermae, in a comparison of the Batidacess with 

 Ohenopodiacese'' . 



Next, follow the JuHaniales"'^ in his syllabus. Their close relationship to 

 the Juglandales has been referred to before. In no 1^33 degree is afl&nity 

 fihown towards the Sapindales. The Juhaniacese and Anacardiaceae'^^ representing 

 respectively the two series agree in the alternate exstipulate, imparipinnate 

 leaves, in the unisexual flowers with reJuced envelopes, in the soHtary ex- 

 albuminous seeds, in the singular funicular development, in the embryo, and 

 in the anatomical characters. In other respects, but in the same degree, they 

 are related to the Fiigales'''' in the male inflorescence, in the male flowers and 

 poUens, in the several female flowers in a closed invohicre, in the exalbuminous 

 seeds and in the cotyledons epigaeous in germination. A place between the 

 Fagales and Juglandales or next to the Sapindales would be equaUy suitable 

 and natural for the Juhaniales. 



Then, comes the Fagales.'^ The resemblance which this series bears to 

 the VerticiUatae, Myricales, Salicales, Juglandales aud JuHaniales has been 

 indicated above. Eurthermore, the Fagales have some affinity to the Urticales, 



1) Hjcmslby, W. B.— On the Julianiaceoj, in rhil. Trans. l.c. pp. 190-193. 



2) Engleb, A. — Syllabiis, 1. c. p. 161. 3) Nat.Pfl.-fam. IH.— 1, a, p. 120. 



4) Englhr, A.— SyUabus, 1. c. p. 161. 5) Hkmslky, W. B. — 1. c. pp. 190-193 . 



6) Hkmsley, W, B. — 1. c. 7) Englbb, A. — Erlauterungen, L c p. 363. 



