141 



be entirely denied, as the Ebenacese in the rimose albumen and trimerou3 

 flowers of 3Iaba are connected with the Anonacese^^. Moreover, the resem- 

 blance of the Magnoliaceao'^^ and Coniferae in their wood - anatomy seems to me 

 to suggest the exisfcence of some relation between the Kanales and Coniferse. 

 Further, the Ranales show some affinity to the Sapindales, as can be seen 

 fi"om the agreement of the Menisparmaceee and Sabiaceee''^ in the exalbuminons 

 seeds, cur\'ed embryo, reniformed fruits, and nearly apocarpous gysecaum. On 

 the ol:her hand, their alliance to th3 Parietales is very close and intricate ; 

 the Ranunculacese are connected with the Dilleniacese^^ in floral structure and 

 also with the Ochnaceae''^ ; the MagnoKacese, with the Winteranaceae''^ iu the 

 inconstant number and spiral arrangement of the perianth-segments, in the 

 oil-cells in the cortex, medulla and leaves, and in the bordered pits in the 

 xylem-parenchyma ; the Anonacaae, with the Ancistorocladacese ; ^ and finally 

 the Myiisticaceee, wtih the Winteranacese'^^ in the oil-cells and connate stamens, 

 and also with the Ancistrocladacese. Furthermore, the Eanales bear some 

 relation to the Rhceadales, as we shall see in the conformity of the Nymphae- 

 aceae^^ and Papaveraceae iu the laticiferous vessels, in the vascular bundles in 

 the medulla, and in the attachment of the seeds to the waJl of the ovary ; in 

 that of the Berberidacese'"^ and Papaveracese in the di- or tri-merous structure 

 of the flowers and in the seeds ; and finally, in that of the Anonacese"' and 

 Papaveraceae in the structure of the ovary. Moreover, the connection between 

 the Ranales and the Sarraceniales is to be found in the Nymphseacese and 

 Sarraceniaceae'-^ both families showing perfect agreement in the position of 

 leaves of the stem, in the one-flowered scape, in the spiral arrangement of 

 the sepals, and in the numerous stamens. In no less degree, the present 

 series manifests its relationship to the Rosales, for the agreement of the 

 Ranunculacese and Rosaceae in their floral structure is undeniable ; the same 

 relation can be seen between the Calycanthacese and the latter family^^'. 



1) Nftt. Pfl.-fam. IV. -1, p. 157. 2) Wkttstein, R. R — 1. c. p. 54a 



3) Nat. Pfl.-fam. IIL— 5, p. 369. 4) Nat. Pfl.-fam. UL— 6, p. 108. 



5) Wkttstein, B. R— L c. p. 596. 6) Nat. Pfl.-fam. IIL— 6, p. 316. 



7) Nat. Pfl.-fam. IIL— 6, p. 276. 8) Nat. Pfl.-fam. HL— 6, p. 316. 



9) Nat. Pfl.-fam. UL— 2, p. 3. 10) Nat. Pfl.-fam. IH.— 2, p. 74. 



11) Nat. Pfl.-fam. nL— 2, p. 27. 12) Nat. Pfl.-fam. UL—2, p. 251. 



13) Nat. Pfl.-fam. in.-3, p. 10. 



