147 



Juglandales and Rosales, mU belonging to tbe Arcliiclilamydese, liave been 

 ftlluded to above. It remains to coinpare it with the Matachlamydece. As to 

 the Ebenales aud the Tubiflorae, their relations to the preseut series are 

 manifest in the single coated ovules in the Limnanthaceae^^ in the partial agree- 

 ment of the Salvadoracere'^ with the Oleaceae, and in tliat of the AquifoHacese"'^ 

 with the Sympl(X»ce8e. As to the affinity of the Sapindales and tha Ericales, 

 this is suggasted in the agi*eement of the Cyrillacese^^ and the Eiicaceae, in 

 the habit and in the paculina* anther of Castcea of the former family, and of 

 the Pentaphylacacese'*^ and the ClethrficefB in the pored anthers and the capsules. 

 Furhher, some relation is to be found between the Sapindales and the Primulales, 

 m can be seen in a comparison of the Corynocarpacese'"'^ and the Myi-sinacese 

 (G. DoN, Endlioher). Finally, their relation to the Coniferfe, as in the case 

 of the Geraniales, is shown by the presence of the very similar resin - ducts 

 in the Anacardiaceae'^ and the Pinaceee. As cau be seen from the statements 

 alx)ve given, the gi*oup3 so far considered are not to be regarded as seriaUy 

 related, but are in close intermixed relations. To arrange them in one order 

 or auother is quite right in this respecfc or tliat. One can not have a claim 

 snperior to auother. Natural positions for the two series are found iu several 

 places between the Couiferae aud the Metachlamydeae. 



Next, come the Rhamuales"'^^ As to this series, he says : — 



Die B,hailin.ales ^^''^'^ j^^tzt aivf (lie tetracyklischen Ajrchichlamydeen mit vor den 

 Blb. stehentlen Stb. beschrSnkt. Da bei den Rhammceai (lie Stelhing der Raphe an 

 (ler atif steigenden Sa. sehr wechselntl ist, so konnen (lie Vitacecc, welche immer ventrale 

 Raphe haben, unbedenklich neben die lihamnacea; gestellt werden. 



Its relations to the Rosales and Geraniales liave ahready been referred to. 

 Its relation to the Umbelliflorae is, in my estimation, undeniable. A comparisou 

 of the Vitaceae*^ with the Araliaceae and the UmbeUiferae will at once justify 

 this conclusion. One might object to the above statemeut ou the ground that 

 the Rhamnales have stameus opposite the petals, while the UmbeUiflorae liave 

 stamens alternate to the petals. But this, in my opiniou, makes no great 



1) Wettstein, R. R. — 1. c. p. 017. 2) Nat. Pfl.-fam. IV.— 2, p. 19. 



;i) According to Dr. E.. Kanehika, both families are very simiJar in anatomical character?. 



4) Nat. Pfl.-fam. III.— 5, p. 180. 5) Nat. Pfl.-fam. Nacht. I. p. 215. 



6) 1. c. Nacht T. p. 217. 7) 1. c. m.— 4. p. 234. (Bnrseraceai). 



8) EN3LSR, A. — Eri mtemngen, 1. c. p. 367. 9) Nat. Pfl.-fam. III.— 8, p. 111. 



