151 



Next, come the Myrtiflorfe. We liave thus far referred to the relation 

 •\vhioh this series beaxs to the Ranales, Kosales, Parietales, aud Gerauiales. 

 Fiirther, the coiiuectiou of the Mjnrtiflorie with the Umbelliflorae is shown in 

 the arahaceous geuera^-* with uumerous authers aud carpels. The positiou of 

 the series should, therefore, be dynamic. 



Fiually, at the eud of the Archichlamydefe comes the UmbeUiflorae. Their 

 relatious to the Sautalales, Parietales, Kosales, M^^Ttiflorae, Ilhamuales have beeu 

 discussed uuder each heading. Fm'ther couuectiou is to be fouud in the 

 Rubiales, as cau be seeu in a comparisou of the AraHacese with the Adoxacese'^ ; 

 and of the Umbelliferse with the Ilubiacere^^, in having 5-stamens in one 

 whorl, iu the 2-celled inferior ovaiy, and especially iu the fruit of the 

 PsychotrieBe aud the Paederiese (Jussieu, C. De Candolle). According to 

 diifereut views, the UmbeUiflorse are rehited all the way from the Santakles up 

 to the Rubiales. Thus their positiou should be a dyuamic one. 



Now, we arrive at the other subclass Metachlamydeae, couceruiug which 

 ENGiiEK says''^' — 



Beziiglich der Sympetalen sind schon mehrfach Zweifel damn geStiBert worden, 

 dass dieselben monophyletisch seien ; das ist anch gewiss nicht der Fall ; aber ebenso 

 sicher ist anch, dass die Reihen der Sympetalen nicht gewissermagen als Fortsetzrung 



der Eeihen der Archich'amyileaj anzusehen sind Die Unterklasse der 



Meiachlamydea; otler Sympelala; Txmfasst aLso solche Familien, bei denen das gemein- 

 same vereinte Emporwachsen der Bhimenblattanlagen die Kegel geworden ist. 



Tlie Metaclilamydeae are, therefore, a complex of famiUes which agree only in 



ha^ing the gamophyUous coroUa, but difFer from oue auother in other 



characters. Cousequeutly, wheu grouped according to a ciiterion other than 



the gamophyUous coroUsx, some of the Metaclilamydese should be uuited with 



some of the Archichlamydese, aud as a result, we have quite differeut groups 



in the place of the two subclasses named. The natm'al reh^tiou is reaUy and 



solely made compreheusible by such au alteratiou of groupiug ; but never in 



the artificial (though so-caUed natm-al) static system, which does not admit 



of the co-existence of any another system. 



As to the positiou of the Ericales'^^ aud Piimulales^^ Engler says : — 



1) Ekglee, A. — 1. c. p. 369. 2) Nat. Pfl.-fam. IV.— 4, p. 171. 



3) 1. c. IV.— 4, p. 13. 4) Engleb, A. — ErlUuteningen, L c. p. 369. 



5), 6) Englee, A. — I. c, p. 369. 



