178 



2 PandanaceaB'^ •• In floral structm-e, most closelj aUied to the Spar- 

 ganiaceae ; but in respect of the inflorescence, the connection is rather to be 

 fonnd in the Aracege, Palmse and Cyclanthaceae. 



3 SparganiaceaB^^ : This family seems to bear some resemblance to the 

 TyphaceEB ; but in some respects, it approaches the Pandanacese rather than 

 the Typhacese. Further, some points of similarity between the Sparganiacese 

 and the Graminese are pointed out by Campbell in his paper: — "On the 

 similarity of the development of the embryo in the Graminese and Spargania- 

 cese." But, the resemblance of the latter two families is opposed by Gr^bner 

 who insists upon of the incorporation of the Typhacese, Pandanaceae, and 

 Sparganiacese in the Pandanales.^^ 



Series H. HeloMce 



4 Potamogetonaceae^-' : So far as the inflorescence of this family is con- 

 cerned, its resemblance to the Araceae is recognizable. On the other hand, 

 with regard to the seeds and embryo, it is related to the Hydrocharitacese and 

 Alismatacese. 



5 Najadacese'^^ : A close relation to the Potamogetonacese is found in 

 the Itirge exalbuminous seeds. In one respect, it is somewhat allied to the 

 Scheuchzeriaceae ; but in another, it bears some resemblance to the Cerato- 

 phyllacese. As far as its general vegetative sferactures are concerned, Najas 

 strongly resembles several submerged genera of the Hydrocharitaceae with slender 

 branching stems, and crowded sessile leaves which are often finely toothed at 

 the margin.^^ 



6 Aponogetonaceae^-' : Some genera of this family approach the Junca- 

 ginacese, Potamogetonacese and Alismataceae in having free carpels. 



7 ScheucllzeriaceaB®^ ( = Juncaginace8e) : The intimate relationship of 

 this small family to the AHsmataceae and to the Potamogetonaceae is incon- 

 testable. But the present family can not satisfactorily be included in either of 

 the latter two. 



1) 1. c. II.— 1, 190, and II.— 3, p. 98. 2) 1. c. JL—1, p. 193. 



3) Nat. Pfl.-fam. Naclitr. III. p. 8. 4) Nat. Pfl.-fam. II.— 1, p. 201, and 223. 



5) Nat. Pfl.-fam. ll.-l, p. 217, and TII.— 2, p. 12. 



6) Eendle, A. B. — Kajadacese, in das Pflanzenreicli IV. 12. p. 6. 



7) 1. c. n.-l, 221. 8) 1. c. II.— 1, p. 223. 



