m 



rate, the very close relation of tlie Aizoaoeae to the Cactaceae is iucontestable, 

 as can be seen in the floral diagram of Mesemh'ianthemum and Opuntia. 



83 PortulacaceaB^^-* Closely related to the Car jophyllacege in the struc- 

 tiire of its ovaiies and seeds ; also aUied to the Aizoacefe throiigh the semi- 

 inferior ovary of Pwiulaca and in numerous petals and sepals of Leivisia (both 

 of the Portulacacej»). 



84 Basellaceae '^ : Near the Portulacaceae. 



85 CaryophyllaceaB : Related to the Amarantaceae, Chenopodiaceae, 

 Phjiolaccaceae, Portulacacese, Nyctaginacese, Aizoaceae, in the structure of the 

 placenta, o^Tiles and seeds. 



Series XXIX. Banates 



86 NymphaeaceaB^^ : The close connections of this family with the Ber- 

 beridaceae are seen in the agi-eement of Nelumho, Cahomha of the Nymphsea- 

 ceae, and Podophjllum, Jeffersmiia and Diphylleia of the Berberidacese, in the 

 arillus, in the presence of vasculalar bundles in the medulla, in the distinct 

 floral elements. Also related to some of the Papaveracese in the attachment 

 of the ovules to the wall of the ovary and in the laticiferous vessels. Furthur, 

 it agi-ees with the Ranunculaceje in the free floral elements, in the foUicles, 

 in the small flowers and in the divided. submerged leaves of the Cabombese. 



87 Ceratophyllaceae *^ : This family is undoubtedly referable to the 

 Ranales in the polymerous segments of the perianth, in the numerous stamens, 

 in the coiivex receptacle, and in the free cai"pels. 



88 Trochodendraceae^^ : In the absence of vessels in the xylem, this 

 family shows some connections with the Coniferae. It is certainly comparable 

 with the MagnoKaceae in the spiral arrangement of the floral elements and in 

 the structure of its seeds. But, on the other hand, if the separate carpels, 

 Ijerigynous insertion and the small embryo are taken into consideration, it 

 should be brought close to the Saxifragacese. 



89 Cercidiphyllaceae*^^ : Nearly as above. 



90 Ranunculaceae^^: Related to the Magnohaceoe, Anonaceae and 



1) 1. c. III.— 1, b, p. 52. 2) Nnt. Pfl.-fam. III.— 1, b, p. 67, 



3) 1. c. m.— 2, p. 3. 4) Nat. Pfl.-fam. m.— 2, p. 12. 



5) I. c. III.— 2, p. 23. 6) 1. c. Nactr. ni. p. 111. 



7) Nat. Pfl.-fam. III.— 2, p. 54. 



