190 



phaeaceae in tlie xmdetermined number of the stamens, in the separate carpels, 

 and in the spiral arrangement of floral elements, this family is also near the 

 Berberidaceae in the integments of its ovules. Fiirther, it comes quite close 

 to the Rosacese. Moreover, very striking resemblance is to be found in the 

 Alismataceae and Ranunculacese in the floral structure. Finally the Ranuncu- 

 lacese is somewhat related to the Leguminosse in the serum-reaction^^. 



91 Lardizabalaceae'-*: This family is related to the Menispermacese on 

 one hand, but on the other, to the Berberidacese. To the former, it approaches 

 in the vohibile habit, iii the palmate leaves and in the diclinous flowers ; 

 and "with the latter it agi-ees in the number of its floral elements. 



92 Berberidaceae^' : Near the Rammculacese on one hand ; but on 

 the other, near tlie Papaveraceae and Fumariacese ; also closely related to the 

 Lardizabalacese. 



93 MenispermaceaB^^: This family is related to the Lardizabalaceae in 

 its floral structm-e, and in its cHmbing liabit ; but on the other hand, it bears 

 some resemblance to the Sabiacese, in the absence of albumen, in the curved 

 embryo, reniform ffuit and apocarpous gynaeceum. The resemblance between 

 the Menispermaceae and the Dioscoreaceoe in the structure of their male flowers 

 is very striking. Still more remarkable is the coincidence of the Menispermaceaa 

 and the Euphorbiacese as seen in the several genera of the two famiHes''^ 



94 Magnoliaceae^^ : The absence of the vessels in the xylem in some 

 genera {Drimys and Zygogynum) of the family, shows some connection with 

 the Coniferse and Trochodendraceee. But, the agreement in the spiral an'ange- 

 ment of the floral elements, in the shap3 of the pollen grains, in the separate 

 carpels, in the oil-tube in the parenchyma, in the Magnoliaceee, Anonacese 

 and Calycanthacese, shows that they are closely related. 



95 Calycanthaceae^ : Tliis is cei-tainly related to the Magnohaceae and 

 Anonacese, in the structure of the flowers and " Olgehalt." It also resembles 

 in some degree the Monimiacese. 



96 Lactoridaceae*-' : Tliis family is closely connected with the MagnoHa- 



1) Mez, C. and Lange, L.— 1. c. 2) 1. c. III.— 2, p. 69. 



3) 1. c. III.— 2, p. 74. 4) Nat. Pfl.-fam. III.— 2, p. 82. 



5) DiEi-s, L. — Menispermacefe, in das Pflaazenreich, IV. — 94 p. 41. 



6) 1. c. IIL— 2, p. 15 and Nachtr. L p. 158. 



7) 1. c. III.— 2, p. 92. 8) Nat. Pfl.-fam. III.— 2, p. 20. 



