16 EAST TENNESSEE. 



fossiliferous, magnesian, black breccia conglomerate varieties. The first 

 species is found in quantity in Grainger, Jefferson, Roane, Knox, Monroe, 

 Meigs, McMinn and Bradley counties. There are two varieties of this 

 species. The one is an argillaceous limestone, little fossiliferous, of a dull, 

 brownish red and sometimes greenish and receives a smooth, fine polish. 

 The other is par excellence the marble of East Tennessee. It is a higlily 

 fossiliferous calcareous rock, has a bright ground of brownish red colors 

 which are more or less freely mottled with white and gray fleecy clouds 

 and spots. This variety is found in large quarries in Knox, McMinn and 

 Hawkins counties. Quarries are being worked in each of these counties, 

 and shippers find a ready sale for all they can ship to the eastern markets. 

 A block of the light mottled strawberry variety was sent from Hawkias 

 county to the Washington monument. This block attracted the attention 

 of the Building Committee of the extension of the National Capitol, who, 

 although they had specimens from all parts of the Union before them, 

 decided in favor of and used the marble from East Tennessee. The 

 marble used in the Tennessee Capitol was taken from Knox county. A 

 large quantity from the same quarry was used in ornamenting the Ohio 

 State CapitoL One bed of grayish white lies near KnoxviUe which is 375 

 feet thick ; ninety feet of which, near the base of the bed, is massive 

 white marble. The remainder contains more or less of the reddish points 

 which make it variegated, the mottling consisting of fossil, corals and 

 crinoids. On the French Broad River five miles east of Knoxville is a 

 bluff of a beautiful light variegated marble which could be worked with 

 little expense. Black marble is found in some localities in the extreme 

 eastern part of the State. The whole extent of country between the 

 Cumberland and Smoky Mountains is underlaid with the marble formation, 

 and geologists have long looked upon this region with peculiar interest. 



Limestone. — Interspersed with the marble beds are immense depcsits 

 of limestone. Tlie formation along the river two or three miles above 

 Knoxville is in some places said to be pure carbonate of lime, free from 

 silicious matter or grit of any kind. Good lime can be burned from it. 

 Hydraulic or magnesian limestone is said to be found in abundance in 

 Knox county. This is the variety from which water lime Ls burned. 



Manueactures. 



Manufactures are yet in their infancy in East Tennessee. With the 

 exception of a few furnaces, two or three foundries, one nail factoiy, four 

 or five cotton yarn factories, a steam tannery or two, some plow factories, 

 a soap factory, a few steam saw mills, one zinc establishment, a few rolling 

 mills, and a few other minor establishments such as every community is 

 compelled to have, we are just where we were fifty years ago. In this 

 respect we offer all the advantages of choice and monoply of a neio State. 

 There is a fine field open for industrial enterprizes of eveiy kind. 



