FAM. MEMBRACID^ 85 



2 . ProHotal horu ciirved 



a. ProHotal horn flaHened dorsoveiitrally, curved forward aiid 



dowiiward Kronides Kirkaldy. 



aa. Proiioial horii very slender extending forward and curving 



strongly upward Orekthophora Funkhouser. 



B. Pronotal horn arising from behind suprahumerals Hemiptycha Geimar. 



1 1 . Himeral angles produced into spines 



A. Pronotum extended into a horn over the head Nessokhinus Amyot and Serville. 



B. Pronotum without frontal exteusion Spinodarnoides Funkhouser. 



48. GENUS ACONOPHORA Fairmaire 



Aconophora Fairmaire, Rev. Memb. 294 {1846). 



Characters : Robust, subcyhndrical insects, niostly of large size, with long, heavy, porrect 

 frontal horns, long sharp posterior processes, weak humeral angles and entirely free tegmina. Head 

 subquadrate, broader than high ; base arcuate ; eyes large and prominent; ocelli equidistant from each 

 other and from the eyes; inferior margins of genae usually extended downward into lobes; clypeus broad 

 and truncate and extending for at least half its length below the infcrior margins of the genae. Prono- 

 tum subcylindrical or conical, usually smooth; humeral angles weak and rounded and but slightly 

 produced outward; anterior pronotal horn straight, long, heavy, porrect, usually more or less flattened 

 laterally and projecting directly forward and upward; median carina only faintly percurrent; posterior 

 process strong, generally rounded above, sharp, length variable but usually extending to a point about 

 half-way between the internal angles and the tips of the tegmina; scutellum entirely concealed. Tegmina 

 long, narrow, entirely free, generally smoky-hyaline with strong, conspicuous veins; five long, narrow 

 apical cells, the median one truncate at its base; two discoidal cells; apical limbus broad and wrinkled. 

 Legs simple; tarsi about equal in length. 



Type laminata Fairmaire. 



Geographical distribution : This is one of the largest and most widely distributed of all of the 

 New World genera of the Membracidae and is represented by a large number of localities both by 

 the various genera and by single species. The species are in some confusion but it is evident from 

 material in collections that the same species may be found in many widely separated regions. Conse- 

 (juently in the following hst of species, the number of countries recorded for a single species may seem 

 surprisingly large. 



1. anosparsa Butler, Cist. Ent. H : 348. 9 (1878). Mexico. 



2. brasiliensis Stal, Hem. Fabr. H : 84 (1869). Brazil, Ecuador. 



3. caliginosa Walker, List Hom. B. M. Suppl. i35 (i858). Guatemala, British Guiana, 



Mexico,Nicaragua,Panama. 



4. cumpressa WaXker, List Hom. B. M. 541 (18S1). Mexico, British Guiana. 



5. concolor VValker, List Hom. B. M. 540. 17 (i85i). Mexico, Peru. 



6. conifera Butler, Cist. Ent. H : 35o. 23 (1878). Mexico. 



7. cultellata Walker, Ins. Saund. 70 (i858). Brazil. 



8. disparicoriiis Fowler, B. C. A. II : 69. 18 (1895). Panama, Honduras. 



