ANTHROPOLOGY 487 



was singularly restricted and fruitless, and died out, leaving no permanent 

 legacy of religious beliefs, arts, and industries, domestic animals, or 

 cultivated ])lants among the Xegro races. 



The Negro, in short, owes what little culture he possessed, before the 

 advent of the ^Moslem Arali and the Christian white man, to the civilising 

 influence of ancient Egypt; but this influence (except a small branch of 

 it in the Bahr-al-Ghazal) travelled to him, not directly up the White Nile,* 

 but indirectly, through Abyssinia and Somaliland ; and Hamites, such as 

 the stock from which the Gala and Somali sj^rang, were the middlemen 

 whose early traffic between the Land of Punt and the countries round the 

 Victoria Nvauza was the main, almost the sole, aijencv by which the Xesfro 

 learnt the industries and received the domestic animals of Kgypt, and by 

 which the world outside tro})ical Africa first heard of the equatorial lakes 

 and snow mountains. 



REMARKS OX THE ANTHROPOMETRIC OBSERVATIOXS 



MADE BY 



SIR HARRY JOHXSTOX and MR. D0GGP:TT; 



With thk said Observatioxs keduced to Tabular and Comparative Foum 



By frank C. SHRUBSALL. M.B., M.B.C.P., 

 Fellow of the Axthropological Ixstitl'te. 



The antbroponietric observations fall naturally into two groups, dealing with the 

 proportions of the head and body respectively. 



The measurements of the cranium taken comprise the maximum length and 

 breadth and the vertical projection from the vertex to the tragus of the ear. These 

 enable an estimate to be formed of the size and sha]ie of the head jirojier. The tal)le of 

 measurements appended shows that the largest individual heads are to be met amung 

 the Masai, Karamojo, and Bahima, the smallest among the Acholi and the Congo Dwarf 

 people. By adding together the three dimensions, length, breadth, and height, and 

 dividing by three, a number known as a modulus is oljtained, which expresses the 

 average dimension, and the volume is found to vary proportionately with this. From 

 this it would appear that the Lendu have the smallest and the Masai the largest skulls 

 in the series examined. Greater interest attaches to the relative inojtortions of the 

 different dimensions, and esi^ecially to the cephalic index, obtained by multii)lying the 

 maximum breadth by 100 and dividing by the maxinuim length ; a similar index is also 

 constructed to show the relation of the length and height. The average results for this 

 series are shown in the table appended. The longest, most dolichocephalic head, 

 occurs among the Lendu (index 69), the broadest among the Sfik (index S4). The 

 index numbers are divided into groups, heads with an index of 7.') or under beuig 

 known as dolichocephalic, those between 7.") and Hi) as mesaticephalic, and those of 80 



* Doulitless because the Xile of I'ganda in those days created vast, untraversable 

 swami)S between Fashoda and the fourth degree of north latitude. 



VOL. II. 2 



