FAM. EMPIDID/E 79 
metapleural sete absent or present. Pygidium terminal or more or less reflexed, when reflexed usually 
somewhat compressed ; no ovipositor. Legs of moderate length, coxe never long, sometimes the hind 
femora incrassate, middle tibize usually with apical bristles, and posterior tibize often furnished with sets 
ofsetee, Wings more or less oblong, the anal angle usually quite distinct though often broadly rounded, 
alula never large, costa continuing around the wing or stopping at the fourth vein, auxiliary vein strong 
and always distinctly separated from the first, attaining the costa or distally evanescent, third vein forked 
or not, discal cell complete and emitting three veins, but in a few species of RhamfAomyia the posterior 
crossvein is absent, anal cell shorter than the second basal, the anal crossvein abruptly reflexed (except 
in Parathalassius where it is perpendicular), anal vein almost always separate from the anal cell, reaching 
the margin or abbreviated but always weak 
This subfamily connects to an astonishing degree with the Clinoceratinaz. In the Microphorus 
group the enlarged epipygium and small basal cells are quite suggestive of the Clinocerans. Hilarempis 
and the allied genera show so many traits of Proclinopyga and Difsomyia, in the type of genitalia, chaeto- 
taxy, neuration and structure of wing, that there is certainly a close relationship between them. On 
the other hand Proclinopyga connects still more closely with Climocera, as shown by the V-shaped front, 
narrowed face, mouthparts, structure of the thorax and abdomen and of the legs. 
SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF THE EMPIDINZE 
Basal and anal cells very small, third vein simple, costa continuing 
around ihe wing; male gemilalia formed as a wery large 
epipygium which is twisted to the vight; thorax longer than 
the abdomen, robust and gibbous; fronto-orbital, posthumeral 
and intra-alar bristles present ; arista one-füfth to three. times 
the length of the third anteunal joint, the latter often suddenly 
altenuated. beyond. the base and. produced. styliform; middle 
tibie with an apical spur, hind femora usually conspicuously 
EACH M Hu erc DM c Ua MIHI CUu ul eoa 
Basal aud anal cells never markedly short; male genitalia never 
thrown far forward over the abdomen nor twisted to the right; 
abdomen at least as long as the thorax; third aulennal joint 
nol abruptly constricted just beyond the base; eyes bare... 0. 2 002 02 2 0. 0. 4 s 2: 
2. Eyes of the male broadly contiguous along the front, bare, the 
upper facets larger than the lowermost; ocelli approximated ; 
antenne inserted. below ihe middle of ihe head, distinctly 
three-jotnted ; face more ov. less excised at the oral margin; 
anterior dorsocentrals reduced in size; abdomen of the male 
with long hairs, the last segments of the female short, tubular ; 
discal cell velatively broad, anal crossvein rounding, anal vein 
rudimentary, anal angle of the wing broadly rectangular, a 
SUINDIAMMIETMASEUNMESMIOTOphorus)  . "095. 1 a. o. o. OM S o s 3. 
Eyes of both sexes broadly separated along the front, pubescent, the : 
uppermost facets smaller than the lower; ocelli distant; 
antenne inseried above. the middle of the head; the basal two 
joints fused ; mouthparts short and vertical, not. protruding ; 
anterior dorsocentrals strong ; abdomen of the male with short 
hairs, fifth segment of the female abdomen broadly triangular ; 
