FAM. EMPIDID/E 253 
designated mantisba, Panz. as the type of his genus Chelipoda, thus removing this species from 
consideration as the type of Hemerodromia. In 1856 Rondani then assigned oratoria Fallen, Meigen's 
third species, as the type of Hemerodromia, but subsequent writers have generally accepted Meigen's 
first species, monosiigma Meigen, as the type, following the « first species » principle. 
However, this is not the whole story and the status of the names is far from being as clear as 
might be. Mantisba, Panzer proves to be melanocephala Fabricius : Macquart's mantispa is vocatoria, 
Fallen, and monostigma, Meigen is frecatoria Fallen. The following arguments can be made : 
r. Macquart's genus Chelipoda, with mantisba Panzer (— melanocephala, Fabricius) specified as 
its type, may be considered as a complete synonym of Hemerodromia, thus using the name in a different 
sense than agreed on by general usage. Recent codes sanction this procedure, as they make no 
allowance for mistakes in identification. 
2. Or, if weallow for Macquart's misidentification, since he states that his mantisha has a discal 
cell whereas Panzer's species had the discal cell open, and make mantisba Macquart (— vocatoria, Fallen) 
the type of CAelipoda, we reserve the two oldest names, Hemerodromia and Chelipoda for two valid genera. 
This seems certainly the logical proceding, even though it is forbidden by certain codes of nomenclature. 
3. Since Macquart's mantisba was erroneously identifed, Coquillett in 1903, selected 
Macquart's second species, minor as the type for CLelipoda, and as this proved later to be the true 
mantispa of Panzer (— melanocephala, Fabricius), in 1910 he placed this genus as a synonym of 
Hemerodromia, both having the same type by late designation. However, in doing this he overlooked 
Macquart's definite words : « celle nommée »aztisba, que je considére sous le nom de Célifode, 
comme le type d'un genre distinct ». While the codes of nomenclature permit the abandonment of a 
genus if its type should prove to be the same as the previously selected type of an older genus, yet when 
an author selects the genotype when publishing his genus, that species is no longer available as the type 
for a polytypical genus. Applying this principle in the present case, Westwood should not have 
designated mantisba, Panzer as type for Hemerodromia, as it had already been specified as the type of 
Chelipoda. 
4. Many writers (e. g. Bigot, Loew, Williston, Lundbeck, Bezzi, Kertész) have accepted 
Meigen's first species, monostigma, which is either frecaforia, Fallen or sZgmatica Schiner, as the 
genotype; although their reason for doing so is apparently that it was Meigen's first species. This 
principle is not tenable in any of the present day codes of nomenclature. 
5. Therefore Rondani's selection of oratoria, Fallen is apparently the earliest indication of a 
type species for Hemerodromia. 
SYNONYMY OF HEMERODROMIA, SENSU LATIORE 
1. Hemerodromia, Meigen, Coquillett (1895, 1903). Type : oraloria, Fallen. — PI. 8, Fig. 26. 
Microdromia, Bigot. ^ No species mentioned. "Type : oratoria, Fallen, Coquillett's designa- 
tion (1902). 
2. Colabris, nov. gen. Type : vufescens, nov. sp. 
* Chelifera, Macquart. Type : raptor, Macquart, the only species, which is ?vecatoria, Fallen. — 
PI. 8, Fig. 28. 
Hemerodromia, Bigot, Loew, Williston, Bezzi, Kertész, Lundbeck. Type: monostigma, Meigen, 
the first species, which is Precatoria, Fallen. 
