484 



INDEX 



Edwards, Mr. W. H., on dark forms 



of Papilio turniis, 248 

 Eggs protectively coloured, 214, 215 

 theory of varied colours of, 



216 

 Elaps mimicked by harmless snakes, 



261 

 Embryonic development of man and 



other mammalia, 448 

 Ennis, Mr. John, on willows driving 



out watercresses from rivers 



of New Zealand, 24 

 Entoraostraca, in bromelia leaves, 118 

 Environment never identical for two 



species, 149 

 direct action of, 418 

 direct influence of, 426 

 as initiator of variations, 436 

 action of, overpowered by natu- 

 ral selection, 437 

 Ethical aspect of the struggle for 



existence, 36 

 Euchelia jacobe?e inedible, 235 

 Everett, Mr. A., on a caterpillar re- 

 sembling moss, 205 

 Evidence of evolution that may be 



expected among fossil forms, 



380 

 Evolutionists, American school of, 



420 

 Exogens, possible cause of sudden late 



appearance of, 400 

 External differences of man and apes, 



453 

 Extinct animals, number of sjiecies of, 



376 

 Extinction of large animals, cause of, 



394 

 Eye, origin of, 130 

 Eyes, explanation of loss of in cave 



animals, 416 



P 



Facts of natural selection, summary 



of, 122 

 Falcons illustrating divergence, 108 

 and butcher birds, hooked and 



toothed beaks of, 422 

 Fantails, 91 

 Female birds, why often dull coloured, 



277 



Frniale birds, what their choice of 

 mates is determined by, 286 

 butterflies, why dull coloured, 



272 

 brighter tlian male bird, 281 

 choice a doubtful agent in selec- 

 tion, 283 

 preference ne utralised by natural 

 selection, 294 

 Fertility of domestic animals, 154 

 Flatfish, eyes of, 129 

 Flesh-fly, enormous increase of, 25 

 Floral structure, great diH"erences of, in 

 allied genera and species, 329 

 Flowers, variations of, 88 

 colours of, 308 

 with sham nectaries, 317 

 changing colour when fertilised, 



317 

 adapted to bees or to butterflies, 



318 

 contrasted colours of, at same 



season and locality, 318 

 fertilisation of, by birds, 319 

 self- fertilisation .of, 321 

 once insect-fertilised now self- 

 fertile, 323 

 how the struggle for existence 



acts among, 328 

 repeatedly modified during 



whole Tertiary period, 331 

 the product of insect agency, 332 

 Forbes, Mr. H. 0., on protective 

 colour of a pigeon, 200 

 on spider imitating birds' drop- 

 ping, 211 

 Fossil shells; complete series of transi- 

 tional forms of, 381 

 crocodiles afford evidence of 



evolution, 383 

 horses in America, 386 

 and living animals, local rela- 

 tions of, 391 

 Fowl, early domestication of, 97 

 Frill-back, Indian, 93 

 Frog inhabiting bromelia leaves, 118 

 Fruits, use of characters of, 133 

 colours of, 304 

 edible or attractive, 306 

 poisonous, 307 

 Fulica atra, ])rotectively coloured eggs 



of, 215 

 Fulmar petrel, abundance of, 30 



