GENERAL PRINCIPLES 11 



ments, they are really essentially executive orders 

 and regulations. The city has no authority to 

 make ordinances outside of the limits of the pro- 

 visions expressly given in the charter and state 

 statutes. Neither may the city pass an ordinance 

 which has a legal authority outside of the limits 

 of the city, except in a few special cases where 

 such additional authority is given, such as to pro- 

 tect the purity of the public water supply. A city 

 may pass an ordinance prohibiting the importa- 

 tion of milk which comes from cows which have 

 not passed the tuberculin test. This ordinance 

 has no legal authority over the dairy situated out- 

 side of the city, though it may have a commercial 

 force over a dairy situated even in another state. 

 The farmer is not compelled to use the tuberculin 

 test ; but if he wishes to sell his product he must 

 furnish such a product as his customers want, and 

 unless there be some special restriction in the mat- 

 ter, such as was enacted by the state of Illinois a 

 few years ago at the demand of the dairymen, a 

 city may make such a regulation by ordinance, and 

 the ordinance will be supported by the courts.^* 

 The city may not go beyond the provisions of its 

 charter and the statutes, but whatever the state 

 expressly provides it may do legally.^^ 



Those who are familiar with European methods 

 sometimes fail to realize the fundamental differ- 

 ences in the systems of government. There the 

 separation of powers is not distinct, and we find 



14 Adams v. Milwaukee, 228 Montclair, 81 N. J. L. 218, 80 



IT. S. 572; Adams v. Milwau- Atl. 30; Hawkins v. Hoye 



kee, 144 Wis. 371; Nelson v. (Miss.), 66 So. 741. 



Minneapolis, 112 Minn. 16; is Public Health, 254-262. 

 Borden v. Board of Health, 



