PRACTICE OF VETERINARY SURGERY 47 



Nebraska, and the court held that "Laws provid- 

 ing for the examination and licensing of persons 

 practicing veterinary medicine, and forbidding 

 persons not licensed from assuming the title of 

 Veterinary Surgeon, is constitutional" and hence 

 valid.-' See §§171, 172. 



31. License to Practice. The license is used for 

 two purposes in governmental operations. It may 

 be for taxing purposes, either directly or indi- 

 rectly; or as a means of registration and regula- 

 tion of things or acts possibly dangerous to the 

 community, or capable of being misused to the 

 detriment of the citizens. The direct use for pur- 

 jooses of taxation refers to such cases as those in 

 which the state or city may require the issuance 

 before permitting the business or possession. In 

 these cases the license fee, or tax, is relatively high, 

 though there may be very great differences in the 

 amount. An indirect use of the license is shown 

 in the operations of the Hamson antinarcotic law. 

 This has been attacked as an attempt of the nation 

 to use police power within the states, but the court 

 has denied this intent. The fee charged is insig- 

 nificant, and probably does not pay for the enforce- 

 ment of the regulation. However, opium is not 

 produced commercially in the United States. 

 There has been reason for believing that much of 

 the diTig has been smuggled into the country, and 

 the countiy has thus been defrauded out of import 

 duties in large amounts. By the provisions of the 

 Harrison law all lawful holders of opium and its 



* Ex parte Barnes, and, 

 Barnes v. State, 83 Neb. 433, 

 119 N. W. 662. 



