CHAPTER VIII. 



EXECUTIVE ORGANIZATION. 



165. American Executive 



System Unsatisfactory. 



166. Executive Boards. 



167. A Trained Executive. 



168. Paid Executives. 



169. Permanency of Office. 



170. Veterinary Science and 



the Medical Profes- 

 sion. 



171. License Examiners. 



§ 172. License Appeals. 



§ 173. Health Preservation a 



Function of the State. 

 § 174. Organization of a Health 



Department — State. 

 § 175. Local Organization. 

 § 176. Eecords. 

 § 177. Reports. 

 § 178. Guidance of Legislation. 



165. American Executive System Unsatisfac- 

 tory. Altlioiigli Americans have the reputation 

 of being higlily efficient in business, tliey fail to 

 show evidences of such a character in the execu- 

 tive departments of state and municipal govern- 

 ments. There are several reasons for this. One 

 is that the people generally have not awakened 

 to the fact tliat governmental business, like com- 

 mercial enterprises, requires special training and 

 experience for each branch of the work. Ameri- 

 cans show a certain egotistical conceit in thinking 

 that any one can serve in any kind of an office, 

 and that each citizen has a sort of right to a chance 

 at the public treasury. The ' ' spoils ' ' system, with 

 the frequent changes of the occupants of office, is 

 emphatically hostile to efficiency. What business 

 house could survive if every two or three years it 



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