TABLE OF CONTENTS. XI 



CHAPTER III. 



THE CAVESSOX — SNAEELE— NOSEBAKD — TRAINING-HALTER 

 — RUNNING-REINS. 



Tlie snaffle the simplest and best of all forms of bit— Requires 

 good, steady seat — Various forms of snaffle — Their relative 

 value — The noseband, its use — Difficulties about it — Von 

 Oeynhausen's training-halter — Where the snaffle should be 

 put in the horse's mouth — Martingales — Seeger's running- 

 reins, ...... 149-162 



CHAPTER IV. 



THE LEVER — THE BIT AND CURB— THE BRIDLE. 



Witli a plain snaffle there is no leveriDO^-er — Orders of levers — 

 Lever of second order gives the action required for a bit — 

 The curb should not exert the slightest degree of painful 

 action — Whatever may be required of this should be exert- 

 ed by mouthpiece, the less the better — Consequences of 

 curb producing a greater amount of painful action than 

 mouthpiece — Length of the bars of bit, ^vhence measured — 

 Line of bearing— Length of upper bar of bit — A bit " falls 

 through" or stands stiff: why ? — Effects of both — Angle at 

 which reins should act on bit — Dimensions of lower bar of 

 bit— Curb, length of — Position for mouthpiece in horse's 

 mcuth — Best form of curb — Curb-hooks — Mouthpiece of 

 bit — Port, use of — Rings on mouthpieces, their use — Joint- 

 ed mouthpieces — Pelham — Dumpy bit— Method of adjust- 

 ing bit and bridle — The bridoon — Bits for harness should be 

 made and adjusted on precisely similar principles — Reins 

 for double harness, how to adjust, . . 163-200 



CHAPTER V. 



TAKING MEASURE FOR THE BIT- THE MOUTH-GAUGE — 

 the' TRIAL-BIT. 



Description of these instruments, and methods of using 

 them, ... . . 201-207 



