132 BITS AND BITTING. 



remount vrhere both horse and rider, excellent tem- 

 pered, willing creatures, had been tortm'ed for months, 

 until casually passing by we saw from a distance of 

 fifty yards, by the shape of the horse's head, which 

 was very prominent, what the matter really was ; on 

 inspection there was found a regular necklace of swol- 

 len and highly sensitive glands, especially on the one 

 side. 



All these peculiarities of formation 7mist be there- 

 fore taken into account when we set about bitting or 

 breaking-in horses, and many of those who take this 

 little book into their hands will be able to call to mind 

 instances that came within their own observation tend- 

 ing to confirm most entirely what is here stated, and 

 some will no doubt have cause to regret that they did 

 not study this subject more accurately before they set 

 about horse-breaking. 



We now pass on to the other parts of the exterior 

 of the horse's head that have to do with the matter 

 in hand. On referring to Plate I., exhibiting the 

 internal framework and the external contours of the 

 horse, the reader will perceive, on looking to the head, 

 that the osseous or bony parts of this organ are covered 

 very unequally by the soft parts — the muscles, skin, 

 membranes, bulbous roots of the hair and beard, fat, 

 &c. — in fact, what are usually called the integuments ; 

 the bone has, moreover, sharp edges on the under sur- 

 face of the lower jaw, and a certain portion of the 

 nose consists of cartilage, as may be seen from the 

 Plate already referred to. The practical importance of 

 all this depends on the different degrees of sensibility 

 to pressure that result from these varieties of confor- 

 mation ; for instance, the lower lip is covered with a 



