TEAINJNG FOR DKAUGHT. 240 



horses will bear almost anything in the way of sounds 

 and smells, but in the east of Europe the horses have 

 an intense dread of raw hides or anything that smells 

 of blood, especially the blood of their own kind,* and 

 it is therefore wise to avoid anything of this sort. 



We have already shown how the collar should fit, 

 and where the traces are best attached to the hames; 

 and of course still greater care should be taken to 

 adjust all this properly with a young untrained animal 

 than with an older one that has been already in harness, 

 the great object being always to make the efforts you 

 demand from your horse as painless as possible. Now 

 the young horse comes in contact with two things 

 that distress or annoy him ; first of all the collar, and 

 then the bridle, or more properly the bit that is put 

 into his mouth. At first starting, young ones usually 

 make a violent effort, plunging, as it were, into the 

 collar, and then recoiling again to make a new plunge 

 and a new recoil, which sometimes ends in their throw- 

 ing themselves down, or perhaps running away. Well, 

 what is it they recoil from — the bit or the collar ] It 

 certainly is not always, nor even in most cases, the 

 latter ; for when the vehicle is pushed from behind 

 by a couple of men, or when another horse is yoked 

 alongside in double harness, so that the collar actually 

 offers no resistance, the same thing will frequently 

 occur. 



In the 2nd edition of this book a foot-note was in- 

 troduced here, recommending the adoption of a draw- 

 bar working against a spring for training brakes, and 

 also for gun limbers; with the view of diminishing 



* It is very ludicrous to witness the terror and loathing some 

 Hungarian horses experience at the sight of a donkey, especially 

 when he begins to bray. 



