HOW TO BENDER HORSES OBEDIENT. 277 



cavesson is placed ; a surcingle is then buckled round 

 the animal's body, to the rings of which, right and left, 

 the snaffle-reins are attached loosely, but still short 

 enough to keep the neck and head nearly straight, and 

 encourage the animal to lean on the mouthpiece. A 

 judicious horse-breaker will then lead the young horse 

 about, at first in a quiet place, and gradually on to 

 roads, &c., where various objects present themselves, 

 as horses, vehicles, houses, &c., to which his pupil 

 becomes accustomed — a matter of great importance, as 

 many accidents occur where a young one that has 

 scarcely learned to tolerate a burden on its back is 

 brought, under a rider, all of a sudden in contact with 

 strange objects and unaccustomed noises. Moreover, 

 the horse becomes habituated to follow the trainer, and 

 obey the lounge and reins in a gradual and gentle 

 manner, and a good understanding is soon established 

 between them. 



And this, be it remarked, is a method seldom prac- 

 tised by school-riders, or in military establishments ; 

 the consequence of which is, that the young horse, 

 when trained ever so completely in the riding-school, 

 has to undergo a new course of instruction when it 

 becomes necessary to take it out on the roads and 

 streets, and frequently gets into messes that luido 

 almost all that has been previously done. 



Here, too, we find a practical hint for the treatment 

 of full-grown horses that shy at particular objects and 

 sounds, or object to passing certain spots. Treat them 

 as the English trainer does his young ones, lead them 

 about as described above, and reward them for their 

 docility with a bit of bread, sugar, or something of the 

 sort ; you will thus avoid all conflicts, the danger and 



