310 RESTIVENESS: ITS PEEVENTION AND CURE. 



riders to ridicule for holding their whips or switches 

 with the point upwards, as if they only wanted to imi- 

 tate a sabre, whereas this is in reality the position 

 from which a quick smart stroke on the shoulders can 

 be most effectually applied ; for if the point be held 

 downwards, it must be first brought up, and then 

 again down, so that it probably comes too late. 



